🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
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Historical Era (Parthian & Sasanian)

Anooshirvan

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233 distichs in this chapter
Click any distich to open the interactive annotation drawer.
The Final Counsels of Bozorgmehr
#1
جهاندار یک روز بنشست شاد
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بزرگان داننده را بار داد
“One joyful day the Sovereign sat upon his throne, giving audience to the wise nobles.”
#2
سخن گفت خندان و بگشاد چهر
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بر تخت بنشست بوزرجمهر
“With a smiling countenance he opened the discourse, as Bozorgmehr sat beside the throne.”
#3
یکی آفرین کرد بر کردگار
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خداوند پیروز و پروردگار
“Bozorgmehr offered praise to the Creator, the victorious Lord and Nourisher of all.”
#4
چنین گفت کای داور تازه‌روی
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که بر تو نیابد سخن زشت‌گوی
“He said: 'O cheerful Sovereign, against whom no foul-mouthed speaker can find fault,'”
#5
خجسته شهنشاه پیروزگر
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جهاندار با دانش و با گهر
“'O auspicious, victorious King of Kings, ruler of the world possessed of knowledge and noble lineage,'”
#6
نبشتم سخن چند بر پهلوی
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ابر دفتر و کاغذ خسروی
“'I have written several counsels in the Pahlavi tongue upon royal pages and scrolls,'”
#7
سپردم به گنجور تا روزگار
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برآید بخواند مگر شهریار
“'And committed them to the treasurer, so that in times to come the King might perchance read them.'”
#8
بدیدم که این گنبد دیرساز
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نخواهد همی لب گشادن به راز
“'I observed that this ancient-built dome of heaven will not willingly reveal its secrets.'”
#9
اگر مرد برخیزد از تخت بزم
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نهد بر کف خویش جان را برزم
“'If a man rises from the banquet throne and places his soul upon his palm in battle,'”
#10
زمین را بپردازد از دشمنان
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شود ایمن از رنج آهرمنان
“'Clearing the land of enemies and securing it against the torment of Ahrimans,'”
#11
شود پادشا بر جهان سر‌به‌سر
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بیابد سخنها همه دربدر
“'Becoming ruler over all the world and seeking out knowledge from every door,'”
#12
شود دستگاهش چو خواهد فراخ
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کند گلشن و باغ و میدان و کاخ
“'Expanding his empire as he desires, establishing gardens, fields, and high palaces,'”
#13
نهد گنج و فرزند گرد آورد
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بسی روز برآرزو بشمرد
“'Amassing treasure, gathering children, and counting many days in fulfillment of his wishes,'”
#14
فراز آورد لشکر و خواسته
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شود کاخ و ایوانش آراسته
“'Assembling armies and wealth, adorning his halls and royal chambers,'”
#15
گر ای دون که درویش‌باشد به رنج
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فراز آرد از هر سویی نام و گنج
“'Or if a poor man in hardship gathers renown and treasure from every quarter,'”
#16
ز روی ریا هرچ گرد آورد
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ز صد سال بودنش برنگذرد
“'Whatever he accumulates through hypocrisy shall not endure beyond a hundred years.'”
#17
شود خاک وبی‌بر شود رنج اوی
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به دشمن بماند همه گنج اوی
“'It turns to dust, his toil rendered fruitless, and all his treasures remain for his enemies.'”
#18
نه فرزند ماند نه تخت و کلاه
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نه ایوان شاهی نه گنج و سپاه
“'Neither child nor throne nor crown remains, nor royal palace, treasure, or army.'”
#19
چو بشنید آن جستن و باد اوی
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ز گیتی نگیرد کسی‌یاد اوی
“'When time passes over these endeavors, no one in the world shall hold him in memory,'”
#20
بدین کار چون بگذرد روزگار
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ازو نام نیکی بود یادگار
“'Save that a good name shall remain behind as his true legacy.'”
#21
ز گیتی دوچیزیست جاوید بس
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دگر هرچ‌باشد نماند به کس
“'Only two things in this world are eternal; all else that exists remains with no man.'”
#22
سخن گفتن نغز و کردار نیک
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نگردد کهن تا جهان هست ایک
“'Sweet discourse and righteous deeds shall never grow old as long as the world endures.'”
#23
بدین سان بود گردش روزگار
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خنک مرد با شرم و پرهیزگار
“'Such is the revolution of time; blessed is the man possessed of modesty and piety.'”
#24
مکن شهریارا گنه تا توان
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بویژه کزو شرم دارد روان
“'Do not commit sin, O King, so far as you are able, especially sins of which the soul feels shame.'”
#25
بی‌آزاری و سودمندی گزین
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که اینست فرهنگ آیین و دین
“'Choose harmlessness and beneficence, for these are the essence of culture, custom, and faith.'”
#26
ز من یادگارست چندی سخن
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گمانم که هرگز نگردد کهن
“'These few words are my legacy to you; I deem that they shall never decay.'”
#27
چو بگشاد روشن دل شهریار
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فراوان سخن کرد زو خواستار
“When the Sovereign's enlightened heart expanded, he sought many more words of wisdom from him.”
#28
بدو گفت فرخ کدامست مرد
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که دارد دلی شاد بی‌باد سرد
“The King asked him: 'O fortunate one, who is the man that possesses a joyous heart without cold sighs?'”
#29
چنین گفت کانکو بود بیگناه
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نبردست آهرمن او را ز راه
“He replied: 'He who is innocent, whom Ahriman has not led astray from the path.'”
#30
بپرسیدش از کژی و راه دیو
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ز راه جهاندار کیهان خدیو
“He questioned him concerning crookedness and the demon's path, versus the path of the World's Sovereign Lord.”
#31
بدو گفت فرمان یزدان بهیست
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که اندر دوگیتی ازو فرهیست
“He said: 'God's command is goodness, from which comes splendor in both worlds.'”
#32
دربرتری راه آهرمنست
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که مرد پرستنده را دشمنست
“'Exalting oneself is the path of Ahriman, who is the enemy of the worshiper.'”
#33
خنک درجهان مرد پیمان منش
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که پاکی وشرمست پیرامنش
“'Blessed in this world is the man of honest covenant, whose surroundings are purity and modesty.'”
#34
چوجانش تنش را نگهبان بود
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همه زندگانیش آسان بود
“'When his soul protects his body, his entire life becomes tranquil.'”
#35
بماند بدو رادی و راستی
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نکوبد درکژی وکاستی
“'Generosity and truthfulness abide with him, and he does not knock upon the door of deceit and defect.'”
#36
هران چیز کان بهره تن بود
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روانش پس از مرگ روشن بود
“'Whatever served the body's righteous needs shall leave his soul radiant after death.'”
#37
ازین هر دو چیزی ندارد دریغ
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که بهر نیامست گر بهر تیغ
“'He withholds neither of these two, for one is the scabbard and the other the blade.'”
#38
کسی کو بود بر خرد پادشا
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روان را ندارد به راه هوا
“'He who reigns sovereign over his own wisdom will not lead his soul down the path of desire.'”
#39
سخن نشنو ازمرد افزون منش
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که با جان روشن بود بدکنش
“'Listen not to the arrogant man, for the evil-doer is hostile to the luminous soul.'”
#40
چوخستو بیاید به دیگر سرای
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هم ایدر پر از درد ماند به جای
“'When he arrives confessing in the next world, he will remain here full of pain.'”
#41
کزین بگذری سفله آن را شناس
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که از پاک یزدان ندارد سپاس
“'Beyond this, know the mean-spirited man as one who gives no thanks to pure God.'”
#42
دریغ آیدش بهرهٔ تن ز تن
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شود ز آرزوها ببندد دهن
“'He grudges his body its rightful portion, closing his mouth against proper desires.'”
#43
همان بهر جانش که دانش بود
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نداند نه از دانشی بشنود
“'And as for the portion of his soul, which is knowledge, he neither knows it nor listens to wisdom.'”
#44
بپرسید کسری که از کهتران
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کرا باشد اندیشهٔ مهتران
“Khosrow asked: 'Among subjects of lower rank, who harbors the thoughts of great leaders?'”
#45
چنین گفت کان کس که داناترست
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بهر آرزو بر تواناترست
“He answered: 'He who is wiser, for he is more capable over every desire.'”
#46
کدامست دانا بدوشاه گفت
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که دانش بود مرد را درنهفت
“The king asked the wise counselor: 'Who is the truly wise man, whose knowledge remains secret and hidden within?'”
#47
چنین گفت کان کو به فرمان دیو
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نپردازد از راه کیهان خدیو
“He replied: 'It is he who does not act upon the command of demons, nor strays from the path of the Lord of the Universe.'”
#48
ده‌اند اهرمن هم به نیروی شیر
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که آرند جان وخرد را به زیر
“'Ten demons are there, possessing the strength of lions, that bring the soul and intellect into subjection.'”
#49
بدو گفت کسری که ده دیو چیست
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کزیشان خرد را بباید گریست
“Kasra said to him: 'What are these ten demons, for whom wisdom itself must weep?'”
#50
چنین داد پاسخ که آز و نیاز
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دو دیوند با زور و گردن فراز
“He answered: 'Greed and Need are two demons, mighty and proud-necked.'”
#51
دگر خشم و رشک است و ننگ است و کین
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چو نمام و دوروی و ناپاک دین
“'Next are Wrath, Envy, Dishonor, and Malice, followed by Slander, Hypocrisy, and Unfaithfulness.'”
#52
دهم آنک از کس ندارد سپاس
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به نیکی وهم نیست یزدان شناس
“'The tenth is he who holds gratitude toward none, acknowledges no goodness, and knows not God.'”
#53
بدو گفت ازین شوم ده باگزند
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کدامست آهرمن زورمند
“The king said: 'Among these ten sinister and harmful ones, which is the most powerful demon?'”
#54
چنین داد پاسخ به کسری که آز
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ستمکاره دیوی بود دیرساز
“He answered Kasra: 'Greed is an oppressive demon, persistent and crafty,'”
#55
که او را نبینند خشنود ایچ
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همه درفزونیش باشد بسیچ
“'Whom none ever sees content, for all its striving is set upon endless accumulation.'”
#56
نیاز آنک او را ز اندوه و درد
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همی کور بینند و رخساره زرد
“'As for Need, it is that which leaves a person blind with sorrow and suffering, and pale of face.'”
#57
کزین بگذری خسروا دیو رشک
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یکی دردمندی بود بی‌پزشک
“'Beyond these, O King, the demon Envy is a sufferer for whom there is no physician.'”
#58
اگر در زمانه کسی بی‌گزند
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به تندی شود جان او دردمند
“'If anyone in the world fares unharmed, the envious soul turns sick with bitter rage.'”
#59
دگر ننگ دیوی بود با ستیز
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همیشه ببد کرده چنگال تیز
“'Another is the contentious demon of Dishonor, ever sharpening its claws to do evil.'”
#60
دگر دیو کینست پرخشم وجوش
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ز مردم بتابد گه خشم هوش
“'Another is the demon of Malice, full of wrath and fury, turning wisdom away from men in moments of rage.'”
#61
نه بخشایش آرد بروبر نه مهر
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دژآگاه دیوی پرآژنگ چهر
“'It brings neither forgiveness nor affection—a foul-boding demon with a frowning face.'”
#62
دگر دیو نمام کو جز دروغ
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نداند نراند سخن با فروغ
“'Another is the demon of Slander, knowing naught but falsehood, unable to utter a noble word.'”
#63
بماند سخن چین ودوروی دیو
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بریده دل از بیم کیهان خدیو
“'There remains the tale-bearer and hypocritical demon, whose heart is severed from the fear of God.'”
#64
میان دوتن کین وجنگ آورد
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بکوشد که پیوستگی بشکرد
“'He breeds malice and strife between two souls, striving to sever all bonds of unity.'”
#65
دگر دیو بی‌دانش وناسپاس
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نباشد خردمند و نیکی شناس
“'Another is the ignorant and ungrateful demon, lacking wisdom and unmindful of goodness.'”
#66
به نزدیک او رای و شرم اندکیست
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به چشمش بدو نیک هردو یکیست
“'With him, sound judgment and shame are scarce; in his eyes, good and evil are one and the same.'”
#67
ز دانا بپرسید پس شهریار
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که چون دیو با دل کند کارزار
“Then the monarch asked the sage: 'When the demon wages war against the heart,'”
#68
ببنده چه دادست کیهان خدیو
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که از کار کوته کند دست دیو
“'What has the Lord of the World granted His servant to curb the hands of the demon?'”
#69
چنین داد پاسخ که دست خرد
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ز کردار آهرمنان بگذرد
“He replied: 'The hand of wisdom shall overcome the deeds of the evil demons.'”
#70
خرد باد جان تو را رهنمون
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که راهی درازست پیش اندرون
“'May wisdom be the guide of thy soul, for a long path lies ahead.'”
#71
ز شمشیر دیوان خرد جوشنست
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دل وجان داننده زو روشنست
“'Against the swords of demons, wisdom is a coat of mail; by it, the wise man's heart and soul are illuminated.'”
#72
گذشته سخن یاد دارد خرد
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به دانش روان را همی‌پرورد
“'Wisdom remembers lessons of the past and nourishes the soul with knowledge.'”
#73
وگر خود بود آنک خوانیم خیم
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که با او ندارد دل از دیو بیم
“'And if there be that good nature which we call noble disposition, through it the heart fears no demon.'”
#74
جهان خوش بود بردل نیک‌خوی
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نگردد بگرد در آرزوی
“'The world feels sweet to a benevolent heart, which strays not in pursuit of vain desires.'”
#75
سخنهای باینده گویم کنون
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که دلرا به شادی بود رهنمون
“'Now I shall speak words of lasting value that guide the heart unto joy.'”
#76
همیشه خردمند و امیدوار
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نبیند جز از شادی روزگار
“'He who is wise and full of hope sees naught from fortune save happiness.'”
#77
نیندیشد از کار بد یک زمان
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ره راست گیرد نگیرد کمان
“'He ponders not bad deeds for a moment; he treads the straight path and reaches not for the bow.'”
#78
دگر هر که خشنود باشد به گنج
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نیازد نیارد تنش را به رنج
“'Moreover, whoever is content with his wealth stretches not his hand further, nor brings hardship upon his body.'”
#79
کسی کو به گنج و درم ننگرد
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همه روز او بر خوشی بگذرد
“'He who looks not greedily upon gold and treasure shall pass all his days in tranquility.'”
#80
دگر دین یزدان پرستست و بس
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به رنج و به گنج و به آزرم کس
“'Furthermore, true religion is the worship of God, paired with empathy for others in hardship, wealth, and honor.'”
#81
ز فرمان یزدان نگردد سرش
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سرشت بدی نیست هم گوهرش
“He turns not his head from the divine command, nor is evil woven into his essence or nature.”
#82
برین همنشانست پرهیز نیز
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که نفروشد او راه یزدان به چیز
“True piety is of like nature, for he will never sell the path of God for any earthly possession.”
#83
بدو گفت زین ده کدامست شاه
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سوی نیکویها نماینده راه
“The King asked him: 'Of these ten qualities, which is the sovereign king that guides the way to all goodness?'”
#84
چنین داد پاسخ که راه خرد
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ز هر دانشی بی‌گمان بگذرد
“He gave answer: 'The path of wisdom without doubt excels every form of knowledge.'”
#85
همان خوی نیکوکه مردم بدوی
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بماند همه ساله با آب روی
“'Likewise, a good disposition ensures that a person preserves their honor and dignity all their life.'”
#86
وزین گوهران گوهر استوار
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تن خشندی دیدم از روزگار
“'And among these virtues, I found contentedness of body to be a firm and enduring foundation in this world.'”
#87
وزیشان امیدست آهسته‌تر
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برآسوده از رنج و شایسته‌تر
“'And from hope comes a calmer spirit, freed from hardship and far more worthy.'”
#88
وزین گوهران آز دیدم به رنج
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که همواره سیری نیابد ز گنج
“'Yet among these, I saw greed as a constant toil, which never finds satiety even in a sea of treasure.'”
#89
بدو گفت شاه از هنرها چه به
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که گردد بدو مرد جوینده مه
“The King asked him: 'Which virtue is best, through which a seeker of greatness achieves true majesty?'”
#90
چنین داد پاسخ که هر کو ز راه
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نگردد بود با تنی بیگناه
“He gave answer: 'Whoever strays not from the righteous path shall live with a blameless body and soul.'”
#91
بیابد ز گیتی همه کام ونام
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از انجام فرجام و آرام و کام
“'He will achieve every desire and high renown in the world, attaining peace, fulfillment, and a worthy end.'”
#92
بپرسید ازو نامبردار گو
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کزین ده کدامین بود پیشرو
“The renowned monarch asked him again: 'Of these ten qualities, which is the ultimate leader?'”
#93
چنین داد پاسخ به آواز نرم
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سخنهای دانش به گفتار گرم
“He gave answer in a gentle voice, weaving words of wisdom with warm and earnest speech:”
#94
فزونی نجوید برین بر خرد
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خرد بی‌گمان برهنر بگذرد
“'Nothing seeks superiority over wisdom, for wisdom undoubtedly surpasses all virtue and skill.'”
#95
وزان پس ز دانا بپرسید مه
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که فرهنگ مردم کدامست به
“Thereafter, the great king asked the sage: 'Which aspect of human culture and nobility is superior?'”
#96
چنین داد پاسخ که دانش بهست
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خردمند خود برجهان برمهست
“He gave answer: 'Knowledge is best, and the wise man is himself supreme over all the world.'”
#97
که دانا بلندی نیازد به گنج
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تن خویش را دور دارد ز رنج
“'For the sage does not seek elevation through wealth, but keeps his body and spirit far from suffering.'”
#98
ز نیروی خصمش بپرسید شاه
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که چون جست خواهی همی دستگاه
“The King asked concerning the strength of man's enemy: 'How will you seek power against it?'”
#99
چنین داد پاسخ که کردار بد
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بود خصم روشن‌روان و خرد
“He answered: 'Evil deeds are the true adversary of the luminous soul and of wisdom.'”
#100
ز دانا بپرسید پس دادگر
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که فرهنگ بهتر بوَد گر گهر
“Then the just king asked the sage: 'Is education and culture better, or noble birth?'”
#101
چنین داد پاسخ بدو رهنمون
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که فرهنگ باشد ز گوهر فزون
“The guide replied to him: 'Culture and virtue are far superior to noble lineage.'”
#102
گهر بی هنر زار و خوارست و سست
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به فرهنگ باشد روان تندرست
“'Noble birth without virtue is wretched, base, and weak; it is through culture that the soul remains healthy and sound.'”
#103
بدو گفت جان را زدودن بچیست
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هنرهای تن را ستودن بچیست
“He said to him: 'With what is the soul polished, and by what means are bodily virtues praised?'”
#104
بگویم کنون گفت‌ها سر‌به‌سر
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اگر یادگیری همه دربدر
“'I shall now recount these teachings completely, if you will learn them point by point.'”
#105
خرد مرد را خلعت ایزدیست
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ز اندیشه دورست و دور از بدیست
“'Wisdom is God's divine robe bestowed upon man; it is far from evil thoughts and untouched by wickedness.'”
#106
هنرمند کز خویشتن در شگفت
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بماند هنر زو نباید گرفت
“'As for the accomplished person who is self-admiring—one should not seek virtue or skill from him.'”
#107
همان خوش‌منش مردم خویش‌دار
✦
نباشد به چشم خردمند خوار
“'Likewise, a pleasant-tempered and self-controlled person will never be held in low esteem by the wise.'”
#108
اگر بخشش و دانش و رسم و داد
✦
خردمند گِرد آورد با نژاد
“'If a wise man combines generosity, wisdom, sound customs, and justice with noble birth...'”
#109
بزرگی و افزونی و راستی
✦
همی‌گیرد از خوی بدکاستی
“'Yet greatness, prosperity, and truthfulness suffer reduction when contaminated by a bad character.'”
#110
ازان پس بپرسید کسری ازوی
✦
که ای نامور مرد فرهنگ‌جوی
“Thereafter Khosrow asked him: 'O renowned seeker of culture and wisdom...'”
#111
بزرگی به کوشش بوَد گر به بخت
✦
که یابد جهاندار ازو تاج و تخت
“'Is greatness achieved through human effort or through luck, by which a monarch gains crown and throne?'”
#112
چنین داد پاسخ که بخت و هنر
✦
چنانند چون جفت با یکدیگر
“He gave answer: 'Good fortune and skill are like two partners bound to one another.'”
#113
چنان چون تن و جان که یارند و جفت
✦
تنومند پیدا و جان در نهفت
“'Just like body and soul that are companions and paired—the physical body visible, and the spirit hidden within.'”
#114
همان کالبد مرد را پوششست
✦
اگر بخت بیدار در کوششست
“'The body serves as a covering for man, provided that awake fortune accompanies his effort.'”
#115
به کوشش نیاید بزرگی به جای
✦
مگر بخت نیکش بود رهنمای
“'Greatness will not come to pass through effort alone, unless good destiny acts as its guide.'”
#116
و دیگر که گیتی فسانه‌ست و باد
✦
چو خوابی که بیننده دارد به یاد
“And second, that this world is a myth and a passing wind, like a dream that the dreamer remembers.”
#117
چو بیدار گردد نبیند به چشم
✦
اگر نیکویی دید اگر درد و خشم
“When he awakens, he sees nothing with his eyes—whether he saw goodness or pain and wrath.”
#118
دگر پرسشی برگشاد از نهفت
✦
بدانا ستوده کدامست گفت
“Next, he posed another question from his mind, asking: 'Who among the wise is most praised?'”
#119
چنین داد پاسخ که شاهی که تخت
✦
بیاراید و زور یابد ز بخت
“He answered thus: 'That king who adorns the throne and gains strength from good fortune,'”
#120
اگر دادگر باشد و نیک‌نام
✦
بیابد ز گفتار و کردار کام
“'If he be just and of good repute, he shall achieve his desires through his speech and deeds.'”
#121
بدو گفت کاندر جهان مستمند
✦
کدامست بد روز و ناسودمند
“He asked him: 'Who in the world is the most afflicted, ill-fated, and unbenefitted?'”
#122
چنین داد پاسخ که درویش زشت
✦
که نه کام یابد نه خرم بهشت
“He answered: 'The wicked poor man, who neither gains his desire in this world nor enjoys green Paradise.'”
#123
بپرسید و گفتا که بدبخت کیست
✦
که همواره از درد باید گریست
“He asked, saying: 'Who is the truly unfortunate one, who must ever weep in pain?'”
#124
چنین داد پاسخ که داننده مرد
✦
که دارد ز کردار بد روی زرد
“He replied: 'The wise man who turns pale with shame because of his own evil deeds.'”
#125
بپرسید ازو گفت خرسند کیست
✦
به بیشی ز چیز آرزومند کیست
“He asked him: 'Who is the contented one, and who is he that craves for more of things?'”
#126
چنین داد پاسخ که آنکس که مهر
✦
ندارد برین گرد گردان سپهر
“He answered: 'He who holds no love in his heart for this revolving sky.'”
#127
بدو گفت ما را چه شایسته‌تر
✦
چنین گفت کان کس که آهسته‌تر
“He said to him: 'What is most fitting for us?' He answered: 'He who is more gentle and patient.'”
#128
بپرسید ازو گفت آهسته کیست
✦
که بر تیز مردم بباید گریست
“He asked: 'Who is the gentle man? For one must weep over the hasty person.'”
#129
چنین داد پاسخ که از عیب‌جوی
✦
نگر تا که پیچد سر از گفتگوی
“He answered: 'Look to him who turns his head away from arguing with fault-finders.'”
#130
به نزدیک او شرم و آهستگی
✦
هنرمندی و رای و شایستگی
“In his eyes, shame and gentleness, wisdom, sound judgment, and fitness are supreme.”
#131
بپرسید ازو نامور شهریار
✦
که از مردمان کیست امیدوار
“The renowned monarch asked him: 'Who among men is full of hope?'”
#132
چنین گفت کان کس که کوشاترست
✦
دو گوشش بدانش نیوشاترست
“He answered: 'He who strives harder, and whose ears are more attentive to knowledge.'”
#133
بپرسید ازو شهریار جهان
✦
از آگاهی نیک و بد در نهان
“The king of the world asked him concerning hidden knowledge of good and evil.”
#134
چنین داد پاسخ که از آگهی
✦
فراوان بود کژ و مغزش تهی
“He answered: 'Much of what is called knowledge is false and hollow in its core.'”
#135
مگر آنک گفتند خاکست جای
✦
ندانم چه گویم ز دیگر سرای
“'Save for what is said—that dust is our final abode; I know not what to say of the world beyond.'”
#136
بدو گفت کسری که آباد شهر
✦
کدامست و ما زو چه داریم بهر
“Kesra said to him: 'Which city is truly prosperous, and what benefit do we derive from it?'”
#137
چنین داد پاسخ که آبادجای
✦
ز داد جهاندار باشد به پای
“He replied: 'A prosperous place stands firmly established through the justice of the ruler.'”
#138
بپرسید کسری که بیدارتر
✦
پسندیده‌تر مرد و هشیارتر
“Kesra asked: 'Who is the most vigilant, most approved, and wisest man?'”
#139
به گیتی کدامست با من بگوی
✦
که بفزاید از دانشش آبروی
“'Tell me, who in the world is he whose honor increases through his knowledge?'”
#140
چنین داد پاسخ که دانای پیر
✦
که با آزمایش بود یادگیر
“He answered: 'The wise elder who continues to learn through life's experience.'”
#141
بدو گفت کسری که رامش کراست
✦
که دارد به شادی همی پشت راست
“Kesra said to him: 'Who possesses true tranquility, standing tall in enduring joy?'”
#142
چنین داد پاسخ که هر کو ز بیم
✦
بوَد ایمن و باشدش زر و سیم
“He answered: 'Whoever is safe from fear and possesses silver and gold.'”
#143
بدو گفت ما را ستایش به چیست
✦
به نزدیک هرکس پسندیده کیست
“He asked him: 'Through what do we gain praise? Who is admired in the eyes of all?'”
#144
چنین داد پاسخ که او را نیاز
✦
بپوشد همی رشک با ننگ و آز
“He answered: 'He whose contentment covers his needs, envy, disgrace, and greed,'”
#145
همان رشک و کینش نباشد نهان
✦
پسندیده او باشد اندر جهان
“'And who hides no envy or malice within—he indeed is approved in the world.'”
#146
ز مرد شکیبا بپرسید شاه
✦
که از صبر دارد به سر بر کلاه
“The King asked concerning the patient man, who wears the crown of endurance upon his head.”
#147
چنین گفت کان کس که نومید گشت
✦
دل تیره‌رایش چو خورشید گشت
“He said: 'He who abandoned hope, and whose dark mind became radiant as the sun,'”
#148
دگر آنک روزش بباید شمرد
✦
به کار بزرگ اندرون دست برد
“'And also he who counts his numbered days, yet engages in noble and great undertakings.'”
#149
بدو گفت غم در دل کیست بیش
✦
کز اندوه سیر آید از جان خویش
“He said to him: 'In whose heart is sorrow greatest, so that he tires of his own life in grief?'”
#150
چنین داد پاسخ که آنکو ز تخت
✦
بیفتاد و نومید گردد ز بخت
“He answered: 'He who has fallen from his throne and turned hopeless of good fortune.'”
#151
بپرسید ازو شهریار بلند
✦
که از ما که دارد دلی دردمند
“The exalted monarch asked him: "Among us, who is it that bears an aching heart?"”
#152
چنین گفت کان کو خردمند نیست
✦
توانگر کش از بخت فرزند نیست
“He answered: "He who lacks wisdom, and the wealthy man who is denied the blessing of children by fate."”
#153
بپرسید شاه از دل مستمند
✦
نشسته به گرم اندرون بی‌گزند
“The king then asked of that sorrowful heart which rests in comfort and safety yet suffers within.”
#154
بدو گفت با دانشی پارسا
✦
که گردد برو ابلهی پادشا
“He replied: "A virtuous and learned man over whom a fool is made king."”
#155
بپرسید نومیدتر کس کدام
✦
که دارد توانایی و نیک‌نام
“He asked: "Who is the most hopeless person among those who possess power and a good name?"”
#156
چنین گفت کان کو ز کار بزرگ
✦
بیفتد بماند نژند و سترگ
“He replied: "It is he who falls from a great high station, remaining sorrowful, broken, and helpless."”
#157
بپرسید ازو شاه نوشین‌روان
✦
که ای مرد دانا و روشن‌روان
“King Nushinravan asked him further: "O wise man of enlightened spirit..."”
#158
که دانی که بی‌نام و آرایشست
✦
که او از در مهر و بخشایشست
“"...who do you know that lacks fame and grandeur, yet is worthy of love and compassion?"”
#159
بدو گفت مرد فراوان گناه
✦
گنهکار درویش و بی‌دستگاه
“He answered him: "A man who has sinned greatly—a sinner who is also poor and destitute."”
#160
بپرسید و گفتش که برگوی راست
✦
که تا از گذشته پشیمان کراست
“He asked him: "Speak truly: who is it that feels deep remorse for what has passed?"”
#161
چنین داد پاسخ که آن تیره ترگ
✦
که بر سر نهد پادشا روز مرگ
“He replied: "The king on his day of death, when the dark helmet of fate is placed upon his head,"”
#162
پشیمان شود دل کند پرهراس
✦
که جانش به یزدان بود ناسپاس
“"His heart turns remorseful and filled with dread, for his soul was ungrateful to God."”
#163
و دیگر که کردار دارد بسی
✦
به نزدیک آن ناسپاسان کسی
“"And secondly, one who has rendered many good deeds to those who are ungrateful."”
#164
بپرسید و گفت ای خرد یافته
✦
هنرها یک اندر دگر بافته
“He asked and said: "O man endowed with wisdom, in whom all virtues are intertwined!"”
#165
چه دانی کزو تن بود سودمند
✦
همان بر دل هر کسی ارجمند
“"What do you know that brings benefit to the body and is also cherished in the hearts of all?"”
#166
چنین داد پاسخ که ناتندرست
✦
که دل را جز از شادمانی نجست
“He replied: "One who lacks health, yet seeks nothing for his heart but joy;"”
#167
چو از درد روزی بسستی بود
✦
همه آرزو تندرستی بود
“"For when one's day becomes feeble through pain, his sole desire is good health."”
#168
بپرسید و گفتش که از آرزوی
✦
چه بیشست پیدا کن ای نیک‌خوی
“He asked him: "What is greater than all desires? Explain this, O righteous man!"”
#169
بدو گفت چون سرفرازی بود
✦
همه آرزو بی‌نیازی بود
“He said to him: "When noble honor is present, the supreme desire is self-sufficiency."”
#170
چو ازبی‌نیازی بود تندرست
✦
نباید جز از کام دل چیز جست
“"When one enjoys health alongside self-sufficiency, one should seek nothing beyond true heart's contentment."”
#171
ازان پس چنین گفت با رهنمون
✦
که بردل چه اندیشه آید فزون
“Thereafter he spoke to his guide: "What thought weighs most heavily upon the heart?"”
#172
چنین داد پاسخ که ای را سه روی
✦
بسازد خردمند با راه‌جوی
“He answered: "This matter has three aspects, with which a wise man must reconcile along his path:"”
#173
یکی آنک اندیشد از روز بد
✦
مگر بی‌گنه بر تنش بد رسد
“"First, the thought of evil days, lest misfortune strike his body while he is innocent;"”
#174
بترسد ز کار فریبنده دوست
✦
که با مغز جان خواهد و خون و پوست
“"Second, dread of a deceitful friend, who would devour one's very skin, blood, marrow, and soul;"”
#175
سه دیگر ز بیدادگر شهریار
✦
که بیگار بستاند از مرد کار
“"Third, fear of an unjust monarch who forces forced labor upon the working man."”
#176
چه نیکو بود گردش روزگار
✦
خردیافته مرد آموزگار
“"How splendid is the turn of fortune when the teacher is a wise, enlightened man!"”
#177
جهان روشن و پادشا دادگر
✦
ز گردون نیابی فزون زین هنر
“"With a bright world and a just ruler, no virtue under heaven can surpass this blessing."”
#178
بپرسیدش از دین و از راستی
✦
کزو دور باشد بدو کاستی
“He asked him regarding religion and truth, by which all evil and deficiency are kept away.”
#179
بدو گفت شاها بدینی گرای
✦
کزو نگسلد یاد‌‌کرد خدای
“He said to him: "O King, embrace a faith wherein the remembrance of God is never broken,"”
#180
همان دوری از کژی و راه دیو
✦
بترس از جهانبان و کیهان خدیو
“"And likewise avoid falsehood and the path of the demon, fearing the Guardian of the World and Lord of Creation."”
#181
به فرمان یزدان نهاده دو گوش
✦
وزیشان نباشد کسی با خروش
“"Heeding with both ears the commands of God, so that none among them cries out in distress."”
#182
ازان پس بپرسیدش از پادشا
✦
که فرماروانست بر پارسا
“Thereafter he asked him about the monarch who rules over the virtuous:”
#183
کز ایشان کدامست پیروزبخت
✦
که باشد به گیتی سزاوار تخت
“"Which of them is truly prosperous and worthy of the throne in this world?"”
#184
چنین گفت کان کو بود دادگر
✦
خرد دارد و رای و شرم و هنر
“He answered: "It is he who is just, possessing wisdom, sound judgment, modesty, and virtue."”
#185
بپرسیدش از دوستان کهن
✦
که باشند هم کوشه و یک‌سخن
“He asked him about old friends who are like-minded and united in voice.”
#186
چنین داد پاسخ که از مرد دوست
✦
جوانمردی و داد دادن نکوست
“He replied thus: "From a true friend, magnanimity and the practice of justice are most beautiful."”
#187
نخواهد به تو بد به آزرم کس
✦
به سختی بود یار و فریادرس
“"Out of affection, such a friend wishes no evil upon you; in hardship, he stands as your helper and savior."”
#188
بدو گفت کسری کرا بیش دوست
✦
که با او یکی بود از مغز و پوست
“Kasra said to him, "Whom should one hold dearest as a friend—one who is united with him in skin and marrow?"”
#189
چنین داد پاسخ که از نیک‌دل
✦
جدایی نخواهد جز از دل‌گسل
“He answered thus: "None but a heartless, cruel person would seek separation from one who is pure-hearted."”
#190
دگر آن کسی کو نوازنده‌تر
✦
نکوتر به کردار و سازنده‌تر
“"And also that person who is more affectionate, finer in deed, and more constructive in spirit."”
#191
بپرسید دشمن کرا بیشتر
✦
که باشد بدو بر بداندیش‌تر
“The king asked, "Who has the greatest number of enemies, and who is faced with the most ill-wishers?"”
#192
چنین داد پاسخ که برترمنش
✦
که باشد فراوان بدو سرزنش
“He answered, "The arrogant person of haughty mind, upon whom falls abundant reproach."”
#193
همان نیز کاو آز دارد درشت
✦
پرآژنگ رخساره و بسته مشت
“"As well as he who harbors harsh greed, possessing a furrowed brow and a tightly clenched fist."”
#194
بپرسید تا جاودان دوست کیست
✦
ز درد جدایی که خواهد گریست
“He asked, "Who is a friend unto eternity, for whose parting one will weep with grief?"”
#195
چنین داد پاسخ که کردار نیک
✦
نخواهد جدا بودن از یار نیک
“He replied: "Good deeds are the friend that will never part from a virtuous companion."”
#196
چه ماند بدو گفت جاوید چیز
✦
که آن چیز کمی نگیرد بنیز
“The King said, "What eternal thing abides, which never suffers diminishing or loss?"”
#197
چنین داد پاسخ که انباز مرد
✦
نه کاهد نه سوزد نه ترسد ز درد
“He answered: "Man's true companion neither wanes, nor burns, nor fears any pain."”
#198
چنین گفت کین جان دانا بود
✦
که بر آرزوها توانا بود
“He said: "This is the wise soul, which holds dominion over all desires."”
#199
بدو گفت شاه ای خداوند مهر
✦
چه باشد به پهنا فزون از سپهر
“The King said to him, "O master of wisdom and love, what exceeds the heavens in its vast breadth?"”
#200
چنین گفت کان شاه بخشنده دست
✦
و دیگر دل مرد یزدان‌پرست
“He answered, "The generous hand of a king, and the broad heart of a God-fearing person."”
#201
بپرسید و گفتا چه با زیب‌تر
✦
کزان برفرازد خردمند سر
“He asked further: "What is most splendid, which enables a wise man to hold his head high?"”
#202
چنین داد پاسخ که ای پادشا
✦
مده گنج هرگز بناپارسا
“He answered, "O King, never bestow treasure upon the ungodly and unrighteous."”
#203
چو کردار با ناسپاسان کنی
✦
همی خشت خشک اندر آب افگنی
“"If you bestow good deeds upon the ungrateful, you do but cast dry bricks into the water."”
#204
بدو گفت اندر چه چیزست رنج
✦
کزو کم شود مرد را آز گنج
“He asked him, "In what lies the true trouble that diminishes a man's greed for wealth?"”
#205
بدو داد پاسخ که ای شهریار
✦
همیشه دلت باد چون نوبهار
“He answered him, "O King, may your heart forever flourish like the fresh spring!"”
#206
پرستندهٔ شاه بدخو ز رنج
✦
نخواهد تن و زندگانی و گنج
“"A servant under an ill-tempered king is so tormented that he foreswears his body, life, and wealth."”
#207
بپرسید و گفتش چه دیدی شگفت
✦
کزان برتر اندازه نتوان گرفت
“He asked him, "What wondrous thing have you seen, beyond which no measure can be taken?"”
#208
چنین گفت با شاه بوزرجمهر
✦
که یک سر شگفتست کار سپهر
“Bozorgmehr said to the king, "The workings of the heavens are entirely filled with wonder."”
#209
یکی مرد بینیم با دستگاه
✦
کلاهش رسیده بابر سیاه
“"We see a man of vast fortune and station, whose crown reaches into the dark clouds,"”
#210
که او دست چپ را نداند ز راست
✦
ز بخشش فزونی نداند نه کاست
“"Yet he knows not his left hand from his right, nor understands the nature of increase or decrease in fortune."”
#211
یکی گردش آسمان بلند
✦
ستاره بگوید که چونست و چند
“"While another can recount the turning of the high sky and explain the stars and their count,"”
#212
فلک رهنمونش به سختی بود
✦
همه بهر او شوربختی بود
“"Yet fate guides him only through hardship, and his portion in life is nothing but ill fortune."”
#213
گران‌تر چه دانی بدو گفت شاه
✦
چنین داد پاسخ که سنگ گناه
“The king said to him, "What do you deem heaviest?" He replied, "The weight of sin."”
#214
بپرسید کز بتری کارها
✦
ز گفتارها هم ز کردارها
“He asked, "Of all the worst actions, words, and deeds,"”
#215
کدامست با ننگ و با سرزنش
✦
که باشد ورا هر کسی بدکنش
“"Which carries the greatest shame and reproach, such that everyone considers its author evil?"”
#216
چنین داد پاسخ که زفتی ز شاه
✦
ستیهیدن مردم بی‌گناه
“He answered: "Niggardliness in a king, and the oppression of innocent people."”
#217
توانگر که تنگی کند در خورش
✦
دریغ آیدش پوشش و پرورش
“"A wealthy man who stints on his food, begrudging himself proper clothing and sustenance,"”
#218
زنانی که ایشان ندارند شرم
✦
بگفتن ندارند آواز نرم
“"Women who possess no modesty and lack gentleness in their speech,"”
#219
همان نیک‌مردان که تندی کنند
✦
وگر تنگ‌دستان بلندی کنند
“"Also good men who display harsh temper, or the destitute who act haughtily,"”
#220
دروغ آنک بی‌رنگ و زشتست و خوار
✦
چه بر نابکار و چه بر شهریار
“"And lying, which is shameless, hideous, and vile, whether uttered by a knave or by a king."”
#221
به گیتی ز نیکی چه چیزست گفت
✦
که هم آشکارست و هم در نهفت
“He asked: 'What virtue exists in this world that is both manifest and hidden,'”
#222
کزو مرد داننده جوشن کند
✦
روان را بدان چیز روشن کند
“'Wherewith a wise man may fashion armor for himself, and illuminate his soul thereby?'”
#223
چنین داد پاسخ که کوشان بدین
✦
به گیتی نیابد جز از آفرین
“He answered thus: 'He who strives in this way shall reap nothing in this world but praise.'”
#224
دگر آنک دارد ز یزدان سپاس
✦
بود دانشی مرد نیکی‌شناس
“'Furthermore, he who gives thanks to God is a man of deep knowledge who recognizes true virtue.'”
#225
بدو گفت کسری که کرده چه به
✦
چه ناکرده از شاه وز مرد مه
“Kasra said to him: 'What deed done is best, and what undone, for a king and a noble man?'”
#226
چه بهتر کزو باز داریم چنگ
✦
گرفته چه بهتر ز بهر درنگ
“'From what is it best to hold back our hands, and what is best restrained for the sake of reflection?'”
#227
چه بهتر ز فرمودن و داشتن
✦
وگر مرد را خوار بگذاشتن
“'What is best in giving orders and maintaining rule, and in not leaving a man forsaken in humiliation?'”
#228
به پاسخ نگه داشتن گفت خشم
✦
که از بیگناهان بخوابند چشم
“In reply he said: 'To control one's anger, so that eyes may overlook the faults of the innocent.'”
#229
دگر آنک بیدار داری روان
✦
بکوشی تو در کارها تا توان
“'And further, to keep your soul vigilant, striving in all endeavors as much as lies in your power.'”
#230
فروهشته کین برگرفته امید
✦
بتابد روان زو به کردار شید
“'Casting away malice and taking up hope, your soul shall shine thereby like the sun.'”
#231
ز کار بزه چند یابی مزه
✦
بیفگن مزه دور باش از بزه
“'How long will you savor the taste of sin? Cast that pleasure away and keep distant from transgression.'”
#232
سپاس از خداوند خورشید و ماه
✦
که رَستم ز بوزرجمهر و ز شاه
“Praise be to the Lord of the sun and moon that I have concluded this dialogue with Bozorjmehr and the king!”
#233
چو این کار دلگیرت آمد ببن
✦
ز شطرنج باید که رانی سخن
“Now that this weighty counsel has reached its end, it is time to speak of the game of chess.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
Suggested inquiries: