🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
✦
✦
✦
✦
Historical Era (Parthian & Sasanian)

Anooshirvan

❖
233 distichs in this chapter
Click any distich to open the interactive annotation drawer.
The Final Counsels of Bozorgmehr
On a radiant day of joy, King Khosrow Anushirvan sat upon the imperial throne and granted audience to the wisest sages of the realm. Smiling and full of grace, the King turned to his preeminent counselor, Bozorgmehr, who was seated by the throne. Bozorgmehr began with praise for the Almighty Creator, the victorious Lord who sustains all life. He declared that he had recorded timeless maxims of wisdom in Pahlavi script upon royal parchment and committed them to the royal treasury, so that future monarchs might ponder them across the ages. He reflected upon the fleeting nature of the realm, warning that the turn of the heavens keeps its secrets hidden. Even if a man rises from the banquet throne to lay down his life on the battlefield, clears the earth of enemies, erects lofty palaces, gathers vast treasures, and rears noble children, all gained through deceit shall turn to dust within a century, leaving his hard-earned wealth to his foes. Only two things remain eternal and untarnished by the passage of time: sweet, truth-bearing speech and righteous deeds. Bozorgmehr urged the monarch to eschew sin, embrace harmlessness, and steadfastly follow the divine law. Enlightened by these words, King Khosrow began a grand inquiry, asking who among men possesses a truly joyous heart. Bozorgmehr replied that only the innocent, whom Ahriman has failed to stray, enjoy unbroken peace. When questioned further regarding the ways of the Divine versus the path of demons, Bozorgmehr proclaimed that obeying God brings glory in both worlds, whereas Ahriman's track leads only to ruin. He then expounded upon the ten mighty demons that seek to subjugate human reason and soul—Avarice (Az), Need (Niyaz), Wrath (Khashm), Envy (Rashk), Shame (Nang), Malice (Kin), Slander (Namam), Duplicity (Do-ruy), Impurity of Faith (Napak-din), and Ingratitude (Na-sepas)—detailing how wisdom acts as the ultimate shield against their corrupting power.
#1
جهاندار یک روز بنشست شاد
✦
بزرگان داننده را بار داد
“One joyful day the Sovereign sat upon his throne, giving audience to the wise nobles.”
#2
سخن گفت خندان و بگشاد چهر
✦
بر تخت بنشست بوزرجمهر
“With a smiling countenance he opened the discourse, as Bozorgmehr sat beside the throne.”
#3
یکی آفرین کرد بر کردگار
✦
خداوند پیروز و پروردگار
“Bozorgmehr offered praise to the Creator, the victorious Lord and Nourisher of all.”
#4
چنین گفت کای داور تازه‌روی
✦
که بر تو نیابد سخن زشت‌گوی
“He said: 'O cheerful Sovereign, against whom no foul-mouthed speaker can find fault,'”
#5
خجسته شهنشاه پیروزگر
✦
جهاندار با دانش و با گهر
“'O auspicious, victorious King of Kings, ruler of the world possessed of knowledge and noble lineage,'”
#6
نبشتم سخن چند بر پهلوی
✦
ابر دفتر و کاغذ خسروی
“'I have written several counsels in the Pahlavi tongue upon royal pages and scrolls,'”
#7
سپردم به گنجور تا روزگار
✦
برآید بخواند مگر شهریار
“'And committed them to the treasurer, so that in times to come the King might perchance read them.'”
#8
بدیدم که این گنبد دیرساز
✦
نخواهد همی لب گشادن به راز
“'I observed that this ancient-built dome of heaven will not willingly reveal its secrets.'”
#9
اگر مرد برخیزد از تخت بزم
✦
نهد بر کف خویش جان را برزم
“'If a man rises from the banquet throne and places his soul upon his palm in battle,'”
#10
زمین را بپردازد از دشمنان
✦
شود ایمن از رنج آهرمنان
“'Clearing the land of enemies and securing it against the torment of Ahrimans,'”
#11
شود پادشا بر جهان سر‌به‌سر
✦
بیابد سخنها همه دربدر
“'Becoming ruler over all the world and seeking out knowledge from every door,'”
#12
شود دستگاهش چو خواهد فراخ
✦
کند گلشن و باغ و میدان و کاخ
“'Expanding his empire as he desires, establishing gardens, fields, and high palaces,'”
#13
نهد گنج و فرزند گرد آورد
✦
بسی روز برآرزو بشمرد
“'Amassing treasure, gathering children, and counting many days in fulfillment of his wishes,'”
#14
فراز آورد لشکر و خواسته
✦
شود کاخ و ایوانش آراسته
“'Assembling armies and wealth, adorning his halls and royal chambers,'”
#15
گر ای دون که درویش‌باشد به رنج
✦
فراز آرد از هر سویی نام و گنج
“'Or if a poor man in hardship gathers renown and treasure from every quarter,'”
#16
ز روی ریا هرچ گرد آورد
✦
ز صد سال بودنش برنگذرد
“'Whatever he accumulates through hypocrisy shall not endure beyond a hundred years.'”
#17
شود خاک وبی‌بر شود رنج اوی
✦
به دشمن بماند همه گنج اوی
“'It turns to dust, his toil rendered fruitless, and all his treasures remain for his enemies.'”
#18
نه فرزند ماند نه تخت و کلاه
✦
نه ایوان شاهی نه گنج و سپاه
“'Neither child nor throne nor crown remains, nor royal palace, treasure, or army.'”
#19
چو بشنید آن جستن و باد اوی
✦
ز گیتی نگیرد کسی‌یاد اوی
“'When time passes over these endeavors, no one in the world shall hold him in memory,'”
#20
بدین کار چون بگذرد روزگار
✦
ازو نام نیکی بود یادگار
“'Save that a good name shall remain behind as his true legacy.'”
#21
ز گیتی دوچیزیست جاوید بس
✦
دگر هرچ‌باشد نماند به کس
“'Only two things in this world are eternal; all else that exists remains with no man.'”
#22
سخن گفتن نغز و کردار نیک
✦
نگردد کهن تا جهان هست ایک
“'Sweet discourse and righteous deeds shall never grow old as long as the world endures.'”
#23
بدین سان بود گردش روزگار
✦
خنک مرد با شرم و پرهیزگار
“'Such is the revolution of time; blessed is the man possessed of modesty and piety.'”
#24
مکن شهریارا گنه تا توان
✦
بویژه کزو شرم دارد روان
“'Do not commit sin, O King, so far as you are able, especially sins of which the soul feels shame.'”
#25
بی‌آزاری و سودمندی گزین
✦
که اینست فرهنگ آیین و دین
“'Choose harmlessness and beneficence, for these are the essence of culture, custom, and faith.'”
#26
ز من یادگارست چندی سخن
✦
گمانم که هرگز نگردد کهن
“'These few words are my legacy to you; I deem that they shall never decay.'”
#27
چو بگشاد روشن دل شهریار
✦
فراوان سخن کرد زو خواستار
“When the Sovereign's enlightened heart expanded, he sought many more words of wisdom from him.”
#28
بدو گفت فرخ کدامست مرد
✦
که دارد دلی شاد بی‌باد سرد
“The King asked him: 'O fortunate one, who is the man that possesses a joyous heart without cold sighs?'”
#29
چنین گفت کانکو بود بیگناه
✦
نبردست آهرمن او را ز راه
“He replied: 'He who is innocent, whom Ahriman has not led astray from the path.'”
#30
بپرسیدش از کژی و راه دیو
✦
ز راه جهاندار کیهان خدیو
“He questioned him concerning crookedness and the demon's path, versus the path of the World's Sovereign Lord.”
#31
بدو گفت فرمان یزدان بهیست
✦
که اندر دوگیتی ازو فرهیست
“He said: 'God's command is goodness, from which comes splendor in both worlds.'”
#32
دربرتری راه آهرمنست
✦
که مرد پرستنده را دشمنست
“'Exalting oneself is the path of Ahriman, who is the enemy of the worshiper.'”
#33
خنک درجهان مرد پیمان منش
✦
که پاکی وشرمست پیرامنش
“'Blessed in this world is the man of honest covenant, whose surroundings are purity and modesty.'”
#34
چوجانش تنش را نگهبان بود
✦
همه زندگانیش آسان بود
“'When his soul protects his body, his entire life becomes tranquil.'”
#35
بماند بدو رادی و راستی
✦
نکوبد درکژی وکاستی
“'Generosity and truthfulness abide with him, and he does not knock upon the door of deceit and defect.'”
#36
هران چیز کان بهره تن بود
✦
روانش پس از مرگ روشن بود
“'Whatever served the body's righteous needs shall leave his soul radiant after death.'”
#37
ازین هر دو چیزی ندارد دریغ
✦
که بهر نیامست گر بهر تیغ
“'He withholds neither of these two, for one is the scabbard and the other the blade.'”
#38
کسی کو بود بر خرد پادشا
✦
روان را ندارد به راه هوا
“'He who reigns sovereign over his own wisdom will not lead his soul down the path of desire.'”
#39
سخن نشنو ازمرد افزون منش
✦
که با جان روشن بود بدکنش
“'Listen not to the arrogant man, for the evil-doer is hostile to the luminous soul.'”
#40
چوخستو بیاید به دیگر سرای
✦
هم ایدر پر از درد ماند به جای
“'When he arrives confessing in the next world, he will remain here full of pain.'”
#41
کزین بگذری سفله آن را شناس
✦
که از پاک یزدان ندارد سپاس
“'Beyond this, know the mean-spirited man as one who gives no thanks to pure God.'”
#42
دریغ آیدش بهرهٔ تن ز تن
✦
شود ز آرزوها ببندد دهن
“'He grudges his body its rightful portion, closing his mouth against proper desires.'”
#43
همان بهر جانش که دانش بود
✦
نداند نه از دانشی بشنود
“'And as for the portion of his soul, which is knowledge, he neither knows it nor listens to wisdom.'”
#44
بپرسید کسری که از کهتران
✦
کرا باشد اندیشهٔ مهتران
“Khosrow asked: 'Among subjects of lower rank, who harbors the thoughts of great leaders?'”
#45
چنین گفت کان کس که داناترست
✦
بهر آرزو بر تواناترست
“He answered: 'He who is wiser, for he is more capable over every desire.'”
#46
کدامست دانا بدوشاه گفت
✦
که دانش بود مرد را درنهفت
“The king asked the wise counselor: 'Who is the truly wise man, whose knowledge remains secret and hidden within?'”
#47
چنین گفت کان کو به فرمان دیو
✦
نپردازد از راه کیهان خدیو
“He replied: 'It is he who does not act upon the command of demons, nor strays from the path of the Lord of the Universe.'”
#48
ده‌اند اهرمن هم به نیروی شیر
✦
که آرند جان وخرد را به زیر
“'Ten demons are there, possessing the strength of lions, that bring the soul and intellect into subjection.'”
#49
بدو گفت کسری که ده دیو چیست
✦
کزیشان خرد را بباید گریست
“Kasra said to him: 'What are these ten demons, for whom wisdom itself must weep?'”
#50
چنین داد پاسخ که آز و نیاز
✦
دو دیوند با زور و گردن فراز
“He answered: 'Greed and Need are two demons, mighty and proud-necked.'”
#51
دگر خشم و رشک است و ننگ است و کین
✦
چو نمام و دوروی و ناپاک دین
“'Next are Wrath, Envy, Dishonor, and Malice, followed by Slander, Hypocrisy, and Unfaithfulness.'”
#52
دهم آنک از کس ندارد سپاس
✦
به نیکی وهم نیست یزدان شناس
“'The tenth is he who holds gratitude toward none, acknowledges no goodness, and knows not God.'”
#53
بدو گفت ازین شوم ده باگزند
✦
کدامست آهرمن زورمند
“The king said: 'Among these ten sinister and harmful ones, which is the most powerful demon?'”
#54
چنین داد پاسخ به کسری که آز
✦
ستمکاره دیوی بود دیرساز
“He answered Kasra: 'Greed is an oppressive demon, persistent and crafty,'”
#55
که او را نبینند خشنود ایچ
✦
همه درفزونیش باشد بسیچ
“'Whom none ever sees content, for all its striving is set upon endless accumulation.'”
#56
نیاز آنک او را ز اندوه و درد
✦
همی کور بینند و رخساره زرد
“'As for Need, it is that which leaves a person blind with sorrow and suffering, and pale of face.'”
#57
کزین بگذری خسروا دیو رشک
✦
یکی دردمندی بود بی‌پزشک
“'Beyond these, O King, the demon Envy is a sufferer for whom there is no physician.'”
#58
اگر در زمانه کسی بی‌گزند
✦
به تندی شود جان او دردمند
“'If anyone in the world fares unharmed, the envious soul turns sick with bitter rage.'”
#59
دگر ننگ دیوی بود با ستیز
✦
همیشه ببد کرده چنگال تیز
“'Another is the contentious demon of Dishonor, ever sharpening its claws to do evil.'”
#60
دگر دیو کینست پرخشم وجوش
✦
ز مردم بتابد گه خشم هوش
“'Another is the demon of Malice, full of wrath and fury, turning wisdom away from men in moments of rage.'”
#61
نه بخشایش آرد بروبر نه مهر
✦
دژآگاه دیوی پرآژنگ چهر
“'It brings neither forgiveness nor affection—a foul-boding demon with a frowning face.'”
#62
دگر دیو نمام کو جز دروغ
✦
نداند نراند سخن با فروغ
“'Another is the demon of Slander, knowing naught but falsehood, unable to utter a noble word.'”
#63
بماند سخن چین ودوروی دیو
✦
بریده دل از بیم کیهان خدیو
“'There remains the tale-bearer and hypocritical demon, whose heart is severed from the fear of God.'”
#64
میان دوتن کین وجنگ آورد
✦
بکوشد که پیوستگی بشکرد
“'He breeds malice and strife between two souls, striving to sever all bonds of unity.'”
#65
دگر دیو بی‌دانش وناسپاس
✦
نباشد خردمند و نیکی شناس
“'Another is the ignorant and ungrateful demon, lacking wisdom and unmindful of goodness.'”
#66
به نزدیک او رای و شرم اندکیست
✦
به چشمش بدو نیک هردو یکیست
“'With him, sound judgment and shame are scarce; in his eyes, good and evil are one and the same.'”
#67
ز دانا بپرسید پس شهریار
✦
که چون دیو با دل کند کارزار
“Then the monarch asked the sage: 'When the demon wages war against the heart,'”
#68
ببنده چه دادست کیهان خدیو
✦
که از کار کوته کند دست دیو
“'What has the Lord of the World granted His servant to curb the hands of the demon?'”
#69
چنین داد پاسخ که دست خرد
✦
ز کردار آهرمنان بگذرد
“He replied: 'The hand of wisdom shall overcome the deeds of the evil demons.'”
#70
خرد باد جان تو را رهنمون
✦
که راهی درازست پیش اندرون
“'May wisdom be the guide of thy soul, for a long path lies ahead.'”
#71
ز شمشیر دیوان خرد جوشنست
✦
دل وجان داننده زو روشنست
“'Against the swords of demons, wisdom is a coat of mail; by it, the wise man's heart and soul are illuminated.'”
#72
گذشته سخن یاد دارد خرد
✦
به دانش روان را همی‌پرورد
“'Wisdom remembers lessons of the past and nourishes the soul with knowledge.'”
#73
وگر خود بود آنک خوانیم خیم
✦
که با او ندارد دل از دیو بیم
“'And if there be that good nature which we call noble disposition, through it the heart fears no demon.'”
#74
جهان خوش بود بردل نیک‌خوی
✦
نگردد بگرد در آرزوی
“'The world feels sweet to a benevolent heart, which strays not in pursuit of vain desires.'”
#75
سخنهای باینده گویم کنون
✦
که دلرا به شادی بود رهنمون
“'Now I shall speak words of lasting value that guide the heart unto joy.'”
#76
همیشه خردمند و امیدوار
✦
نبیند جز از شادی روزگار
“'He who is wise and full of hope sees naught from fortune save happiness.'”
#77
نیندیشد از کار بد یک زمان
✦
ره راست گیرد نگیرد کمان
“'He ponders not bad deeds for a moment; he treads the straight path and reaches not for the bow.'”
#78
دگر هر که خشنود باشد به گنج
✦
نیازد نیارد تنش را به رنج
“'Moreover, whoever is content with his wealth stretches not his hand further, nor brings hardship upon his body.'”
#79
کسی کو به گنج و درم ننگرد
✦
همه روز او بر خوشی بگذرد
“'He who looks not greedily upon gold and treasure shall pass all his days in tranquility.'”
#80
دگر دین یزدان پرستست و بس
✦
به رنج و به گنج و به آزرم کس
“'Furthermore, true religion is the worship of God, paired with empathy for others in hardship, wealth, and honor.'”
#81
ز فرمان یزدان نگردد سرش
✦
سرشت بدی نیست هم گوهرش
“He turns not his head from the divine command, nor is evil woven into his essence or nature.”
#82
برین همنشانست پرهیز نیز
✦
که نفروشد او راه یزدان به چیز
“True piety is of like nature, for he will never sell the path of God for any earthly possession.”
#83
بدو گفت زین ده کدامست شاه
✦
سوی نیکویها نماینده راه
“The King asked him: 'Of these ten qualities, which is the sovereign king that guides the way to all goodness?'”
#84
چنین داد پاسخ که راه خرد
✦
ز هر دانشی بی‌گمان بگذرد
“He gave answer: 'The path of wisdom without doubt excels every form of knowledge.'”
#85
همان خوی نیکوکه مردم بدوی
✦
بماند همه ساله با آب روی
“'Likewise, a good disposition ensures that a person preserves their honor and dignity all their life.'”
#86
وزین گوهران گوهر استوار
✦
تن خشندی دیدم از روزگار
“'And among these virtues, I found contentedness of body to be a firm and enduring foundation in this world.'”
#87
وزیشان امیدست آهسته‌تر
✦
برآسوده از رنج و شایسته‌تر
“'And from hope comes a calmer spirit, freed from hardship and far more worthy.'”
#88
وزین گوهران آز دیدم به رنج
✦
که همواره سیری نیابد ز گنج
“'Yet among these, I saw greed as a constant toil, which never finds satiety even in a sea of treasure.'”
#89
بدو گفت شاه از هنرها چه به
✦
که گردد بدو مرد جوینده مه
“The King asked him: 'Which virtue is best, through which a seeker of greatness achieves true majesty?'”
#90
چنین داد پاسخ که هر کو ز راه
✦
نگردد بود با تنی بیگناه
“He gave answer: 'Whoever strays not from the righteous path shall live with a blameless body and soul.'”
#91
بیابد ز گیتی همه کام ونام
✦
از انجام فرجام و آرام و کام
“'He will achieve every desire and high renown in the world, attaining peace, fulfillment, and a worthy end.'”
#92
بپرسید ازو نامبردار گو
✦
کزین ده کدامین بود پیشرو
“The renowned monarch asked him again: 'Of these ten qualities, which is the ultimate leader?'”
#93
چنین داد پاسخ به آواز نرم
✦
سخنهای دانش به گفتار گرم
“He gave answer in a gentle voice, weaving words of wisdom with warm and earnest speech:”
#94
فزونی نجوید برین بر خرد
✦
خرد بی‌گمان برهنر بگذرد
“'Nothing seeks superiority over wisdom, for wisdom undoubtedly surpasses all virtue and skill.'”
#95
وزان پس ز دانا بپرسید مه
✦
که فرهنگ مردم کدامست به
“Thereafter, the great king asked the sage: 'Which aspect of human culture and nobility is superior?'”
#96
چنین داد پاسخ که دانش بهست
✦
خردمند خود برجهان برمهست
“He gave answer: 'Knowledge is best, and the wise man is himself supreme over all the world.'”
#97
که دانا بلندی نیازد به گنج
✦
تن خویش را دور دارد ز رنج
“'For the sage does not seek elevation through wealth, but keeps his body and spirit far from suffering.'”
#98
ز نیروی خصمش بپرسید شاه
✦
که چون جست خواهی همی دستگاه
“The King asked concerning the strength of man's enemy: 'How will you seek power against it?'”
#99
چنین داد پاسخ که کردار بد
✦
بود خصم روشن‌روان و خرد
“He answered: 'Evil deeds are the true adversary of the luminous soul and of wisdom.'”
#100
ز دانا بپرسید پس دادگر
✦
که فرهنگ بهتر بوَد گر گهر
“Then the just king asked the sage: 'Is education and culture better, or noble birth?'”
#101
چنین داد پاسخ بدو رهنمون
✦
که فرهنگ باشد ز گوهر فزون
“The guide replied to him: 'Culture and virtue are far superior to noble lineage.'”
#102
گهر بی هنر زار و خوارست و سست
✦
به فرهنگ باشد روان تندرست
“'Noble birth without virtue is wretched, base, and weak; it is through culture that the soul remains healthy and sound.'”
#103
بدو گفت جان را زدودن بچیست
✦
هنرهای تن را ستودن بچیست
“He said to him: 'With what is the soul polished, and by what means are bodily virtues praised?'”
#104
بگویم کنون گفت‌ها سر‌به‌سر
✦
اگر یادگیری همه دربدر
“'I shall now recount these teachings completely, if you will learn them point by point.'”
#105
خرد مرد را خلعت ایزدیست
✦
ز اندیشه دورست و دور از بدیست
“'Wisdom is God's divine robe bestowed upon man; it is far from evil thoughts and untouched by wickedness.'”
#106
هنرمند کز خویشتن در شگفت
✦
بماند هنر زو نباید گرفت
“'As for the accomplished person who is self-admiring—one should not seek virtue or skill from him.'”
#107
همان خوش‌منش مردم خویش‌دار
✦
نباشد به چشم خردمند خوار
“'Likewise, a pleasant-tempered and self-controlled person will never be held in low esteem by the wise.'”
#108
اگر بخشش و دانش و رسم و داد
✦
خردمند گِرد آورد با نژاد
“'If a wise man combines generosity, wisdom, sound customs, and justice with noble birth...'”
#109
بزرگی و افزونی و راستی
✦
همی‌گیرد از خوی بدکاستی
“'Yet greatness, prosperity, and truthfulness suffer reduction when contaminated by a bad character.'”
#110
ازان پس بپرسید کسری ازوی
✦
که ای نامور مرد فرهنگ‌جوی
“Thereafter Khosrow asked him: 'O renowned seeker of culture and wisdom...'”
#111
بزرگی به کوشش بوَد گر به بخت
✦
که یابد جهاندار ازو تاج و تخت
“'Is greatness achieved through human effort or through luck, by which a monarch gains crown and throne?'”
#112
چنین داد پاسخ که بخت و هنر
✦
چنانند چون جفت با یکدیگر
“He gave answer: 'Good fortune and skill are like two partners bound to one another.'”
#113
چنان چون تن و جان که یارند و جفت
✦
تنومند پیدا و جان در نهفت
“'Just like body and soul that are companions and paired—the physical body visible, and the spirit hidden within.'”
#114
همان کالبد مرد را پوششست
✦
اگر بخت بیدار در کوششست
“'The body serves as a covering for man, provided that awake fortune accompanies his effort.'”
#115
به کوشش نیاید بزرگی به جای
✦
مگر بخت نیکش بود رهنمای
“'Greatness will not come to pass through effort alone, unless good destiny acts as its guide.'”
#116
و دیگر که گیتی فسانه‌ست و باد
✦
چو خوابی که بیننده دارد به یاد
“And second, that this world is a myth and a passing wind, like a dream that the dreamer remembers.”
#117
چو بیدار گردد نبیند به چشم
✦
اگر نیکویی دید اگر درد و خشم
“When he awakens, he sees nothing with his eyes—whether he saw goodness or pain and wrath.”
#118
دگر پرسشی برگشاد از نهفت
✦
بدانا ستوده کدامست گفت
“Next, he posed another question from his mind, asking: 'Who among the wise is most praised?'”
#119
چنین داد پاسخ که شاهی که تخت
✦
بیاراید و زور یابد ز بخت
“He answered thus: 'That king who adorns the throne and gains strength from good fortune,'”
#120
اگر دادگر باشد و نیک‌نام
✦
بیابد ز گفتار و کردار کام
“'If he be just and of good repute, he shall achieve his desires through his speech and deeds.'”
#121
بدو گفت کاندر جهان مستمند
✦
کدامست بد روز و ناسودمند
“He asked him: 'Who in the world is the most afflicted, ill-fated, and unbenefitted?'”
#122
چنین داد پاسخ که درویش زشت
✦
که نه کام یابد نه خرم بهشت
“He answered: 'The wicked poor man, who neither gains his desire in this world nor enjoys green Paradise.'”
#123
بپرسید و گفتا که بدبخت کیست
✦
که همواره از درد باید گریست
“He asked, saying: 'Who is the truly unfortunate one, who must ever weep in pain?'”
#124
چنین داد پاسخ که داننده مرد
✦
که دارد ز کردار بد روی زرد
“He replied: 'The wise man who turns pale with shame because of his own evil deeds.'”
#125
بپرسید ازو گفت خرسند کیست
✦
به بیشی ز چیز آرزومند کیست
“He asked him: 'Who is the contented one, and who is he that craves for more of things?'”
#126
چنین داد پاسخ که آنکس که مهر
✦
ندارد برین گرد گردان سپهر
“He answered: 'He who holds no love in his heart for this revolving sky.'”
#127
بدو گفت ما را چه شایسته‌تر
✦
چنین گفت کان کس که آهسته‌تر
“He said to him: 'What is most fitting for us?' He answered: 'He who is more gentle and patient.'”
#128
بپرسید ازو گفت آهسته کیست
✦
که بر تیز مردم بباید گریست
“He asked: 'Who is the gentle man? For one must weep over the hasty person.'”
#129
چنین داد پاسخ که از عیب‌جوی
✦
نگر تا که پیچد سر از گفتگوی
“He answered: 'Look to him who turns his head away from arguing with fault-finders.'”
#130
به نزدیک او شرم و آهستگی
✦
هنرمندی و رای و شایستگی
“In his eyes, shame and gentleness, wisdom, sound judgment, and fitness are supreme.”
#131
بپرسید ازو نامور شهریار
✦
که از مردمان کیست امیدوار
“The renowned monarch asked him: 'Who among men is full of hope?'”
#132
چنین گفت کان کس که کوشاترست
✦
دو گوشش بدانش نیوشاترست
“He answered: 'He who strives harder, and whose ears are more attentive to knowledge.'”
#133
بپرسید ازو شهریار جهان
✦
از آگاهی نیک و بد در نهان
“The king of the world asked him concerning hidden knowledge of good and evil.”
#134
چنین داد پاسخ که از آگهی
✦
فراوان بود کژ و مغزش تهی
“He answered: 'Much of what is called knowledge is false and hollow in its core.'”
#135
مگر آنک گفتند خاکست جای
✦
ندانم چه گویم ز دیگر سرای
“'Save for what is said—that dust is our final abode; I know not what to say of the world beyond.'”
#136
بدو گفت کسری که آباد شهر
✦
کدامست و ما زو چه داریم بهر
“Kesra said to him: 'Which city is truly prosperous, and what benefit do we derive from it?'”
#137
چنین داد پاسخ که آبادجای
✦
ز داد جهاندار باشد به پای
“He replied: 'A prosperous place stands firmly established through the justice of the ruler.'”
#138
بپرسید کسری که بیدارتر
✦
پسندیده‌تر مرد و هشیارتر
“Kesra asked: 'Who is the most vigilant, most approved, and wisest man?'”
#139
به گیتی کدامست با من بگوی
✦
که بفزاید از دانشش آبروی
“'Tell me, who in the world is he whose honor increases through his knowledge?'”
#140
چنین داد پاسخ که دانای پیر
✦
که با آزمایش بود یادگیر
“He answered: 'The wise elder who continues to learn through life's experience.'”
#141
بدو گفت کسری که رامش کراست
✦
که دارد به شادی همی پشت راست
“Kesra said to him: 'Who possesses true tranquility, standing tall in enduring joy?'”
#142
چنین داد پاسخ که هر کو ز بیم
✦
بوَد ایمن و باشدش زر و سیم
“He answered: 'Whoever is safe from fear and possesses silver and gold.'”
#143
بدو گفت ما را ستایش به چیست
✦
به نزدیک هرکس پسندیده کیست
“He asked him: 'Through what do we gain praise? Who is admired in the eyes of all?'”
#144
چنین داد پاسخ که او را نیاز
✦
بپوشد همی رشک با ننگ و آز
“He answered: 'He whose contentment covers his needs, envy, disgrace, and greed,'”
#145
همان رشک و کینش نباشد نهان
✦
پسندیده او باشد اندر جهان
“'And who hides no envy or malice within—he indeed is approved in the world.'”
#146
ز مرد شکیبا بپرسید شاه
✦
که از صبر دارد به سر بر کلاه
“The King asked concerning the patient man, who wears the crown of endurance upon his head.”
#147
چنین گفت کان کس که نومید گشت
✦
دل تیره‌رایش چو خورشید گشت
“He said: 'He who abandoned hope, and whose dark mind became radiant as the sun,'”
#148
دگر آنک روزش بباید شمرد
✦
به کار بزرگ اندرون دست برد
“'And also he who counts his numbered days, yet engages in noble and great undertakings.'”
#149
بدو گفت غم در دل کیست بیش
✦
کز اندوه سیر آید از جان خویش
“He said to him: 'In whose heart is sorrow greatest, so that he tires of his own life in grief?'”
#150
چنین داد پاسخ که آنکو ز تخت
✦
بیفتاد و نومید گردد ز بخت
“He answered: 'He who has fallen from his throne and turned hopeless of good fortune.'”
#151
بپرسید ازو شهریار بلند
✦
که از ما که دارد دلی دردمند
“The exalted monarch asked him: "Among us, who is it that bears an aching heart?"”
#152
چنین گفت کان کو خردمند نیست
✦
توانگر کش از بخت فرزند نیست
“He answered: "He who lacks wisdom, and the wealthy man who is denied the blessing of children by fate."”
#153
بپرسید شاه از دل مستمند
✦
نشسته به گرم اندرون بی‌گزند
“The king then asked of that sorrowful heart which rests in comfort and safety yet suffers within.”
#154
بدو گفت با دانشی پارسا
✦
که گردد برو ابلهی پادشا
“He replied: "A virtuous and learned man over whom a fool is made king."”
#155
بپرسید نومیدتر کس کدام
✦
که دارد توانایی و نیک‌نام
“He asked: "Who is the most hopeless person among those who possess power and a good name?"”
#156
چنین گفت کان کو ز کار بزرگ
✦
بیفتد بماند نژند و سترگ
“He replied: "It is he who falls from a great high station, remaining sorrowful, broken, and helpless."”
#157
بپرسید ازو شاه نوشین‌روان
✦
که ای مرد دانا و روشن‌روان
“King Nushinravan asked him further: "O wise man of enlightened spirit..."”
#158
که دانی که بی‌نام و آرایشست
✦
که او از در مهر و بخشایشست
“"...who do you know that lacks fame and grandeur, yet is worthy of love and compassion?"”
#159
بدو گفت مرد فراوان گناه
✦
گنهکار درویش و بی‌دستگاه
“He answered him: "A man who has sinned greatly—a sinner who is also poor and destitute."”
#160
بپرسید و گفتش که برگوی راست
✦
که تا از گذشته پشیمان کراست
“He asked him: "Speak truly: who is it that feels deep remorse for what has passed?"”
#161
چنین داد پاسخ که آن تیره ترگ
✦
که بر سر نهد پادشا روز مرگ
“He replied: "The king on his day of death, when the dark helmet of fate is placed upon his head,"”
#162
پشیمان شود دل کند پرهراس
✦
که جانش به یزدان بود ناسپاس
“"His heart turns remorseful and filled with dread, for his soul was ungrateful to God."”
#163
و دیگر که کردار دارد بسی
✦
به نزدیک آن ناسپاسان کسی
“"And secondly, one who has rendered many good deeds to those who are ungrateful."”
#164
بپرسید و گفت ای خرد یافته
✦
هنرها یک اندر دگر بافته
“He asked and said: "O man endowed with wisdom, in whom all virtues are intertwined!"”
#165
چه دانی کزو تن بود سودمند
✦
همان بر دل هر کسی ارجمند
“"What do you know that brings benefit to the body and is also cherished in the hearts of all?"”
#166
چنین داد پاسخ که ناتندرست
✦
که دل را جز از شادمانی نجست
“He replied: "One who lacks health, yet seeks nothing for his heart but joy;"”
#167
چو از درد روزی بسستی بود
✦
همه آرزو تندرستی بود
“"For when one's day becomes feeble through pain, his sole desire is good health."”
#168
بپرسید و گفتش که از آرزوی
✦
چه بیشست پیدا کن ای نیک‌خوی
“He asked him: "What is greater than all desires? Explain this, O righteous man!"”
#169
بدو گفت چون سرفرازی بود
✦
همه آرزو بی‌نیازی بود
“He said to him: "When noble honor is present, the supreme desire is self-sufficiency."”
#170
چو ازبی‌نیازی بود تندرست
✦
نباید جز از کام دل چیز جست
“"When one enjoys health alongside self-sufficiency, one should seek nothing beyond true heart's contentment."”
#171
ازان پس چنین گفت با رهنمون
✦
که بردل چه اندیشه آید فزون
“Thereafter he spoke to his guide: "What thought weighs most heavily upon the heart?"”
#172
چنین داد پاسخ که ای را سه روی
✦
بسازد خردمند با راه‌جوی
“He answered: "This matter has three aspects, with which a wise man must reconcile along his path:"”
#173
یکی آنک اندیشد از روز بد
✦
مگر بی‌گنه بر تنش بد رسد
“"First, the thought of evil days, lest misfortune strike his body while he is innocent;"”
#174
بترسد ز کار فریبنده دوست
✦
که با مغز جان خواهد و خون و پوست
“"Second, dread of a deceitful friend, who would devour one's very skin, blood, marrow, and soul;"”
#175
سه دیگر ز بیدادگر شهریار
✦
که بیگار بستاند از مرد کار
“"Third, fear of an unjust monarch who forces forced labor upon the working man."”
#176
چه نیکو بود گردش روزگار
✦
خردیافته مرد آموزگار
“"How splendid is the turn of fortune when the teacher is a wise, enlightened man!"”
#177
جهان روشن و پادشا دادگر
✦
ز گردون نیابی فزون زین هنر
“"With a bright world and a just ruler, no virtue under heaven can surpass this blessing."”
#178
بپرسیدش از دین و از راستی
✦
کزو دور باشد بدو کاستی
“He asked him regarding religion and truth, by which all evil and deficiency are kept away.”
#179
بدو گفت شاها بدینی گرای
✦
کزو نگسلد یاد‌‌کرد خدای
“He said to him: "O King, embrace a faith wherein the remembrance of God is never broken,"”
#180
همان دوری از کژی و راه دیو
✦
بترس از جهانبان و کیهان خدیو
“"And likewise avoid falsehood and the path of the demon, fearing the Guardian of the World and Lord of Creation."”
#181
به فرمان یزدان نهاده دو گوش
✦
وزیشان نباشد کسی با خروش
“"Heeding with both ears the commands of God, so that none among them cries out in distress."”
#182
ازان پس بپرسیدش از پادشا
✦
که فرماروانست بر پارسا
“Thereafter he asked him about the monarch who rules over the virtuous:”
#183
کز ایشان کدامست پیروزبخت
✦
که باشد به گیتی سزاوار تخت
“"Which of them is truly prosperous and worthy of the throne in this world?"”
#184
چنین گفت کان کو بود دادگر
✦
خرد دارد و رای و شرم و هنر
“He answered: "It is he who is just, possessing wisdom, sound judgment, modesty, and virtue."”
#185
بپرسیدش از دوستان کهن
✦
که باشند هم کوشه و یک‌سخن
“He asked him about old friends who are like-minded and united in voice.”
#186
چنین داد پاسخ که از مرد دوست
✦
جوانمردی و داد دادن نکوست
“He replied thus: "From a true friend, magnanimity and the practice of justice are most beautiful."”
#187
نخواهد به تو بد به آزرم کس
✦
به سختی بود یار و فریادرس
“"Out of affection, such a friend wishes no evil upon you; in hardship, he stands as your helper and savior."”
#188
بدو گفت کسری کرا بیش دوست
✦
که با او یکی بود از مغز و پوست
“Kasra said to him, "Whom should one hold dearest as a friend—one who is united with him in skin and marrow?"”
#189
چنین داد پاسخ که از نیک‌دل
✦
جدایی نخواهد جز از دل‌گسل
“He answered thus: "None but a heartless, cruel person would seek separation from one who is pure-hearted."”
#190
دگر آن کسی کو نوازنده‌تر
✦
نکوتر به کردار و سازنده‌تر
“"And also that person who is more affectionate, finer in deed, and more constructive in spirit."”
#191
بپرسید دشمن کرا بیشتر
✦
که باشد بدو بر بداندیش‌تر
“The king asked, "Who has the greatest number of enemies, and who is faced with the most ill-wishers?"”
#192
چنین داد پاسخ که برترمنش
✦
که باشد فراوان بدو سرزنش
“He answered, "The arrogant person of haughty mind, upon whom falls abundant reproach."”
#193
همان نیز کاو آز دارد درشت
✦
پرآژنگ رخساره و بسته مشت
“"As well as he who harbors harsh greed, possessing a furrowed brow and a tightly clenched fist."”
#194
بپرسید تا جاودان دوست کیست
✦
ز درد جدایی که خواهد گریست
“He asked, "Who is a friend unto eternity, for whose parting one will weep with grief?"”
#195
چنین داد پاسخ که کردار نیک
✦
نخواهد جدا بودن از یار نیک
“He replied: "Good deeds are the friend that will never part from a virtuous companion."”
#196
چه ماند بدو گفت جاوید چیز
✦
که آن چیز کمی نگیرد بنیز
“The King said, "What eternal thing abides, which never suffers diminishing or loss?"”
#197
چنین داد پاسخ که انباز مرد
✦
نه کاهد نه سوزد نه ترسد ز درد
“He answered: "Man's true companion neither wanes, nor burns, nor fears any pain."”
#198
چنین گفت کین جان دانا بود
✦
که بر آرزوها توانا بود
“He said: "This is the wise soul, which holds dominion over all desires."”
#199
بدو گفت شاه ای خداوند مهر
✦
چه باشد به پهنا فزون از سپهر
“The King said to him, "O master of wisdom and love, what exceeds the heavens in its vast breadth?"”
#200
چنین گفت کان شاه بخشنده دست
✦
و دیگر دل مرد یزدان‌پرست
“He answered, "The generous hand of a king, and the broad heart of a God-fearing person."”
#201
بپرسید و گفتا چه با زیب‌تر
✦
کزان برفرازد خردمند سر
“He asked further: "What is most splendid, which enables a wise man to hold his head high?"”
#202
چنین داد پاسخ که ای پادشا
✦
مده گنج هرگز بناپارسا
“He answered, "O King, never bestow treasure upon the ungodly and unrighteous."”
#203
چو کردار با ناسپاسان کنی
✦
همی خشت خشک اندر آب افگنی
“"If you bestow good deeds upon the ungrateful, you do but cast dry bricks into the water."”
#204
بدو گفت اندر چه چیزست رنج
✦
کزو کم شود مرد را آز گنج
“He asked him, "In what lies the true trouble that diminishes a man's greed for wealth?"”
#205
بدو داد پاسخ که ای شهریار
✦
همیشه دلت باد چون نوبهار
“He answered him, "O King, may your heart forever flourish like the fresh spring!"”
#206
پرستندهٔ شاه بدخو ز رنج
✦
نخواهد تن و زندگانی و گنج
“"A servant under an ill-tempered king is so tormented that he foreswears his body, life, and wealth."”
#207
بپرسید و گفتش چه دیدی شگفت
✦
کزان برتر اندازه نتوان گرفت
“He asked him, "What wondrous thing have you seen, beyond which no measure can be taken?"”
#208
چنین گفت با شاه بوزرجمهر
✦
که یک سر شگفتست کار سپهر
“Bozorgmehr said to the king, "The workings of the heavens are entirely filled with wonder."”
#209
یکی مرد بینیم با دستگاه
✦
کلاهش رسیده بابر سیاه
“"We see a man of vast fortune and station, whose crown reaches into the dark clouds,"”
#210
که او دست چپ را نداند ز راست
✦
ز بخشش فزونی نداند نه کاست
“"Yet he knows not his left hand from his right, nor understands the nature of increase or decrease in fortune."”
#211
یکی گردش آسمان بلند
✦
ستاره بگوید که چونست و چند
“"While another can recount the turning of the high sky and explain the stars and their count,"”
#212
فلک رهنمونش به سختی بود
✦
همه بهر او شوربختی بود
“"Yet fate guides him only through hardship, and his portion in life is nothing but ill fortune."”
#213
گران‌تر چه دانی بدو گفت شاه
✦
چنین داد پاسخ که سنگ گناه
“The king said to him, "What do you deem heaviest?" He replied, "The weight of sin."”
#214
بپرسید کز بتری کارها
✦
ز گفتارها هم ز کردارها
“He asked, "Of all the worst actions, words, and deeds,"”
#215
کدامست با ننگ و با سرزنش
✦
که باشد ورا هر کسی بدکنش
“"Which carries the greatest shame and reproach, such that everyone considers its author evil?"”
#216
چنین داد پاسخ که زفتی ز شاه
✦
ستیهیدن مردم بی‌گناه
“He answered: "Niggardliness in a king, and the oppression of innocent people."”
#217
توانگر که تنگی کند در خورش
✦
دریغ آیدش پوشش و پرورش
“"A wealthy man who stints on his food, begrudging himself proper clothing and sustenance,"”
#218
زنانی که ایشان ندارند شرم
✦
بگفتن ندارند آواز نرم
“"Women who possess no modesty and lack gentleness in their speech,"”
#219
همان نیک‌مردان که تندی کنند
✦
وگر تنگ‌دستان بلندی کنند
“"Also good men who display harsh temper, or the destitute who act haughtily,"”
#220
دروغ آنک بی‌رنگ و زشتست و خوار
✦
چه بر نابکار و چه بر شهریار
“"And lying, which is shameless, hideous, and vile, whether uttered by a knave or by a king."”
#221
به گیتی ز نیکی چه چیزست گفت
✦
که هم آشکارست و هم در نهفت
“He asked: 'What virtue exists in this world that is both manifest and hidden,'”
#222
کزو مرد داننده جوشن کند
✦
روان را بدان چیز روشن کند
“'Wherewith a wise man may fashion armor for himself, and illuminate his soul thereby?'”
#223
چنین داد پاسخ که کوشان بدین
✦
به گیتی نیابد جز از آفرین
“He answered thus: 'He who strives in this way shall reap nothing in this world but praise.'”
#224
دگر آنک دارد ز یزدان سپاس
✦
بود دانشی مرد نیکی‌شناس
“'Furthermore, he who gives thanks to God is a man of deep knowledge who recognizes true virtue.'”
#225
بدو گفت کسری که کرده چه به
✦
چه ناکرده از شاه وز مرد مه
“Kasra said to him: 'What deed done is best, and what undone, for a king and a noble man?'”
#226
چه بهتر کزو باز داریم چنگ
✦
گرفته چه بهتر ز بهر درنگ
“'From what is it best to hold back our hands, and what is best restrained for the sake of reflection?'”
#227
چه بهتر ز فرمودن و داشتن
✦
وگر مرد را خوار بگذاشتن
“'What is best in giving orders and maintaining rule, and in not leaving a man forsaken in humiliation?'”
#228
به پاسخ نگه داشتن گفت خشم
✦
که از بیگناهان بخوابند چشم
“In reply he said: 'To control one's anger, so that eyes may overlook the faults of the innocent.'”
#229
دگر آنک بیدار داری روان
✦
بکوشی تو در کارها تا توان
“'And further, to keep your soul vigilant, striving in all endeavors as much as lies in your power.'”
#230
فروهشته کین برگرفته امید
✦
بتابد روان زو به کردار شید
“'Casting away malice and taking up hope, your soul shall shine thereby like the sun.'”
#231
ز کار بزه چند یابی مزه
✦
بیفگن مزه دور باش از بزه
“'How long will you savor the taste of sin? Cast that pleasure away and keep distant from transgression.'”
#232
سپاس از خداوند خورشید و ماه
✦
که رَستم ز بوزرجمهر و ز شاه
“Praise be to the Lord of the sun and moon that I have concluded this dialogue with Bozorjmehr and the king!”
#233
چو این کار دلگیرت آمد ببن
✦
ز شطرنج باید که رانی سخن
“Now that this weighty counsel has reached its end, it is time to speak of the game of chess.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
Suggested inquiries: