🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
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Historical Era (Parthian & Sasanian)

Anooshirvan

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93 distichs in this chapter
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The Second Counsel: Questions of Destiny, Wisdom, and Moral Virtue
As another week dawned, King Noshinravan sought once more to nourish his illuminated spirit with the boundless waters of wisdom. He summoned the realm's foremost sages, ancient scholars, and eloquent counselors to the foot of his exalted throne. Among them stood the young Bozorgmehr, whose brilliant mind brought a glow of delight to the monarch's face. The assembly turned toward him, eager to test the depth of his knowledge.

A senior sage questioned him first regarding the mystery of Fate and Predestination. Bozorgmehr replied that a man of great skill may strive day and night yet find his path narrow and dark, while an unaccomplished man slumbers upon a throne of fortune as flowers rain down upon him; for the Lord of the Cosmos has ordained the stars, and human effort cannot alter divine decree. He went on to describe the supreme virtue as wisdom directed toward goodness, and the finest human traits as patience, nobility, modesty, and unselfish generosity.

When asked how a monarch should govern and preserve his realm, Bozorgmehr delineated the sacred duties of kingship: devotion to Yazdan, steadfastness in truth, the protection of the poor, and the education of children in wisdom and culture. He warned against the four fatal flaws of a ruler: cowardice in battle, stinginess, disregarding the counsel of the wise, and reckless impatience. He proclaimed that true wealth lies not in accumulated hoard, but in contentment with the Almighty's portion, while the poorest of men is he who remains enslaved by boundless Greed. Overwhelmed by his sublime eloquence, all the nobles and sages raised their voices in unison, bestowing praises upon the matchless philosopher.
#1
دگر هفته روشن دل شهریار
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همی‌بود داننده را خواستار
“Another bright week arrived, and the enlightened king sought once again the company of the learned.”
#2
دل از کار گیتی به یکسو کشید
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کجا خواست گفتار دانا شنید
“He set aside worldly affairs, desiring only to listen to the discourse of the wise.”
#3
کسی کو سرافراز درگاه بود
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به دانندگی درخور شاه بود
“Whosoever held high esteem at court and possessed knowledge worthy of the monarch attended.”
#4
برفتند گویندگان سخن
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جوان و جهاندیده مرد کهن
“The speakers and eloquent sages came forth—both young aspirants and battle-tested elders.”
#5
سرافراز بوزرجمهرجوان
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بشد باحکیمان روشن‌روان
“The exalted young Bozorgmehr entered alongside the enlightened philosophers.”
#6
حکیمان داننده و هوشمند
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رسیدند نزدیک تخت بلند
“The intelligent and knowing sages approached the high throne of the King.”
#7
نهادند رخ سوی بوزرجمهر
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که کسری همی زو برافروخت چهر
“They turned their faces toward Bozorgmehr, whose presence brought joy to Kasra’s countenance.”
#8
ازیشان یکی بود فرزانه‌تر
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بپرسید ازو از قضا و قدر
“One among them, wiser than the rest, inquired of him concerning Fate and Destiny:”
#9
که انجام و فرجام چونین سخن
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چه گونه‌است و این برچه آید ببن
“'What is the nature of this matter, and to what end does human effort lead?'”
#10
چنین داد پاسخ که جوینده مرد
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دوان وشب و روز با کار کرد
“Bozorgmehr answered: 'A striving man may run night and day in toil,”
#11
بود راه روزی برو تارو تنگ
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بجوی اندرون آب او با درنگ
“Yet his path to sustenance remains dark and narrow, and water flows slowly in his stream.”
#12
یکی بی هنر خفته بر تخت بخت
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همی گل فشاند برو بر درخت
“While a talentless man slumbers on the throne of luck, and the tree of fortune sheds blossoms upon him.”
#13
چنینست رسم قضا و قدر
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ز بخشش نیابی به کوشش گذر
“Such is the law of Fate and Destiny; you cannot bypass divine apportioning through sheer effort.”
#14
جهاندار دانا و پروردگار
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چنین آفرید اختر روزگار
“The wise Ruler of the world and Sustainer created the stars of time in this manner.'”
#15
دگرگفت کان چیز کافزون ترست
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کدامست و بیشی که را در خورست
“Another asked: 'Which thing is most abundant, and to whom is abundance fitting?'”
#16
چنین گفت کان کس که داننده تر
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به نیکی کرا دانش آید ببر
“He replied: 'He who is most knowledgeable, and whose knowledge yields the fruit of goodness.'”
#17
دگرگفت کز ما چه نیکوترست
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ز گیتی کرانیکویی درخورست
“Another asked: 'What in us is most noble, and to whom does goodness belong?'”
#18
چنین داد پاسخ که آهستگی
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کریمی وخوبی وشایستگی
“He answered: 'Gentle patience, generosity, inner beauty, and worthiness.”
#19
فزونتر بکردن سرخویش پست
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ببخشد نه از بهر پاداش دست
“To humble oneself despite great power, and to bestow gifts without seeking reward.”
#20
بکوشد بجوید بگرد جهان
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خرامد به هنگام با همرهان
“To strive and seek throughout the world, walking in harmony with companions at the proper time.'”
#21
دگر گفت کاندر خردمند مرد
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هنرچیست هنگام ننگ و نبرد
“Another asked: 'What is the finest virtue in a wise man in times of shame or struggle?'”
#22
چنین گفت کان کس که آهوی خویش
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ببیند بگرداند آیین وکیش
“He said: 'He who beholds his own faults and changes his ways and habits.'”
#23
بپرسید دیگر که در زیستن
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چه سازی که کمتر بود رنج تن
“Another inquired: 'In living, what conduct lessens the body’s pain?'”
#24
چنین داد پاسخ که گر با خرد
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دلش بردبارست رامش برد
“He answered: 'If a man's heart is patient through wisdom, he will find tranquility.”
#25
بداد وستد در کند راستی
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ببندد در کژی و کاستی
“He practices honesty in trade and closes the door upon deceit and shortcoming.”
#26
ببخشد گنه چون شود کامکار
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نباشد سرش تیز و نا بردبار
“He forgives sins when he attains power, and refrains from being hot-headed and impatient.'”
#27
بپرسید دیگر که از انجمن
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نگهبان کدامست برخویشتن
“Another asked: 'In an assembly, who is the true guardian of himself?'”
#28
چنین گفت کان کو پس آرزوی
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نرفت از کریمی وز نیک خوی
“He said: 'He who does not chase selfish desires, out of nobility and goodness of spirit.”
#29
دگر کو بسستی نشد پیش کار
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چو دید او فزونی بدروزگار
“And he who does not slacken in his work when he observes the excess of adverse times.'”
#30
دگرگفت کزبخشش نیک‌خوی
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کدامست نیکوتر از هر دو سوی
“Another asked: 'Which gift of a noble man is best for both giver and receiver,”
#31
کجا در دو گیتیش بارآورد
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بسالی دو بارش بهارآورد
“Yielding fruit in both worlds and bringing spring twice in a single year?'”
#32
چنین گفت کان کس که با خواسته
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ببخشش کند جانش آراسته
“He answered: 'He who gives from his wealth and thus adorns his soul.”
#33
وگر بر ستاننده آرد سپاس
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ز بخشنده بازارگانی شناس
“And if he feels grateful to the receiver, know that he is a merchant of spiritual merit.'”
#34
دگر گفت کز مرد پیرایه چیست
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وزان نیکوییها گرانمایه چیست
“Another asked: 'What is man's true ornament, and which of those virtues is most precious?'”
#35
چنین داد پاسخ که بخشنده مرد
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کجا نیکویی با سزاوار کرد
“He replied: 'A generous man who bestows goodness upon the worthy.”
#36
ببالد به کردار سرو بلند
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چو بالید هرگز نباشد نژند
“He shall flourish like a tall cypress, and once grown, he shall never wither.”
#37
وگر ناسزا را بسایی به مشک
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نبوید نروید گل از خار خشک
“But if you rub musk upon the unworthy, it will not smell, nor will a rose grow from a dry thorn.”
#38
سخن پرسی از گنگ گر مرد کر
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به بار آید ورای ناید ببر
“If you ask speech of a mute or deaf man, no counsel will bear fruit.'”
#39
یکی گفت کاندر سرای سپنج
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نباشد خردمند بی‌درد و رنج
“One said: 'In this transient abode, no wise man lives free of sorrow and pain.”
#40
چه سازیم تا نام نیک آوریم
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درآغاز فرجام نیک آوریم
“What shall we do to earn a good name, achieving a good beginning and a blessed end?'”
#41
بدو گفت شو دور باش از گناه
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جهان را همه چون تن خویش خواه
“He said to him: 'Keep far from sin; desire for all the world what you wish for yourself.”
#42
هران چیزکانت نیاید پسند
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تن دوست و دشمن دران برمبند
“Whatever you do not find pleasing, do not impose it upon friend or foe.'”
#43
دگرگفت کوشش ز اندازه بیش
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چه گویی کزین دوکدامست پیش
“Another asked: 'Excessive striving or wisdom—which of these two takes precedence?'”
#44
چنین داد پاسخ که اندر خرد
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جز اندیشه چیزی نه اندر خورد
“He answered: 'In wisdom, nothing is appropriate save thoughtful reflection.”
#45
بکوشی چو در پیش کار آیدت
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چوخواهی که رنجی به بار آیدت
“You strive when the work comes before you, but know that unordained toil brings only pain.'”
#46
سزای ستایش دگر گفت کیست
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اگر برنکوهیده باید گریست
“Another asked: 'Who is worthy of praise, and for whom should we weep if censured?'”
#47
چنین گفت کان کو به یزدان پاک
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فزون دارد امید و هم بیم و باک
“He said: 'He who maintains both great hope and holy fear toward Pure God.'”
#48
دگر گفت کای مرد روشن‌خرد
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ز گردون چه بر سر همی‌بگذرد
“Another asked: 'O man of bright mind, what passes over our heads from the heavens?”
#49
کدامست خوشتر مرا روزگار
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ازین برشده چرخ ناپایدار
“Which day is sweetest for me in this unstable, elevated sphere?'”
#50
سخن گوی پاسخ چنین داد باز
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که هرکس که گشت ایمن و بی‌نیاز
“The speaker replied: 'Whosoever becomes secure and free of need,”
#51
به خوبی زمانه ورا داد داد
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سزد گر نگیری جز از داد یاد
“If time treats him with goodness, it is fitting that he remember nothing but justice.'”
#52
بپرسید دیگر که دانش کدام
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به گیتی که باشیم زو شادکام
“Another asked: 'Which knowledge in the world brings us lasting joy?'”
#53
چنین گفت کان کو بود بردبار
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به نزدیک اومرد بی‌شرم خوار
“He said: 'The knowledge of the patient man, near whom a shameless person is held in contempt.'”
#54
دگر گفت کان کو نجوید گزند
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ز خوها کدامش بود سودمند
“Another asked: 'For one who seeks no harm, which habit is most beneficial?'”
#55
بگفت آنک مغزش نجوشد زخشم
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بخوابد بخشم از گنهکار چشم
“He said: 'That his brain does not boil with anger, and he closes his eyes to the sinner's fault.'”
#56
دگر گفت کان چیست ای هوشمند
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که آید خردمند را آن پسند
“Another asked: 'What is it, O intelligent one, that pleases a wise man?'”
#57
چنین گفت کان کو بود پر خرد
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ندارد غم آن کزو بگذرد
“He said: 'He who is full of wisdom grieves not over what has passed.”
#58
وگر ارجمندی سپارد به خاک
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نبندد دل اندر غم و درد پاک
“And if he commits grandeur to the dust, he does not bind his heart to total grief.”
#59
دگر کو ز نادیدنیها امید
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چنان بگسلد دل چو از باد بید
“And he cuts his heart’s hope from unseen impossibilities, as the wind snaps a willow branch.'”
#60
دگر گفت بد چیست بر پادشای
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کزو تیره گردد دل پارسای
“Another asked: 'What evil in a king darkens the heart of the pious?'”
#61
چنین داد پاسخ که بر شهریار
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خردمند گوید که آهو چهار
“He replied: 'The wise say there are four flaws in a ruler:”
#62
یکی آنک ترسد ز دشمن به جنگ
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و دیگر که دارد دل از بخش تنگ
“One is fearing the enemy in battle; the second is having a narrow, stingy heart in giving;”
#63
دگر آنک رای خردمند مرد
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به یک سو نهد روز ننگ و نبرد
“The third is setting aside the advice of wise men on the day of struggle;”
#64
چهارم که باشد سرش پرشتاب
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نجوید به کار اندر آرام و خواب
“And fourth, that his head be full of haste, seeking no calm or reflection in affairs.'”
#65
بپرسید دیگر که بی عیب کیست
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نکوهیدن آزادگان را بچیست
“Another asked: 'Who is faultless, and what brings blame upon free men?'”
#66
چنین گفت کین را ببخشیم راست
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که جان وخرد درسخن پادشاست
“He said: 'Let us divide this justly, for soul and intellect rule over speech:”
#67
گرانمایگان را فسون و دروغ
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به کژی و بیداد جستن فروغ
“For nobles to seek glory through magic, lies, deceit, and injustice;”
#68
میانه بو د مرد کنداوری
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نکوهشگر و سر پر از داوری
“For a champion to be mediocre, prone to blaming others, and full of contention;”
#69
منش پستی وکام برپادشا
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به بیهوده خستن دل پارسا
“To harbor a lowly spirit while serving the king, and needlessly hurting a pious heart;”
#70
زبان راندن و دیده بی‌آب شرم
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گزیدن خروش اندر آواز نرم
“Sharpness of tongue, eyes lacking modesty, and choosing shouting over soft words;”
#71
خردمند مردم که دارد روا
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خرد دور کردن ز بهر هوا
“How can a wise man permit reason to be cast aside for the sake of passion?'”
#72
بپرسید دیگر یکی هوشمند
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که اندرجهان چیست آن بی‌گزند
“Another intelligent man asked: 'What in this world is entirely without harm?'”
#73
چنین داد پاسخ او کز نخست
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درپاک یزدان بدانست وجست
“He answered: 'First, knowing and seeking the pure nature of God,”
#74
کزویت سپاس و بدویت پناه
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خداوند روز و شب و هور و ماه
“From Whom comes gratitude and in Whom is refuge—the Lord of day, night, sun, and moon.”
#75
دل خویش راآشکار و نهان
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سپردن به فرمان شاه جهان
“Second, surrendering one's heart, openly and secretly, to the command of the King of the world.”
#76
تن خویشتن پروریدن به ناز
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برو سخت بستن در رنج وآز
“Third, nourishing one's body in comfort while firmly shutting the door on hardship and greed.”
#77
نگه داشتن مردم خویش را
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گسستن تن از رنج درویش را
“Fourth, protecting one's kinsmen and severing the pain of the needy.”
#78
سپردن به فرهنگ فرزند خرد
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که گیتی بنادان نشاید سپرد
“Fifth, entrusting a young child to culture and wisdom, for the world must not be left to the ignorant.”
#79
چوفرمان پذیرنده باشد پسر
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نوازنده باید که باشد پدر
“If a son is obedient, the father must cherish and nurture him.'”
#80
بپرسید دیگر که فرزند راست
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به نزد پدر جایگاهش کجاست
“Another asked: 'What place does a righteous son hold in the heart of a father?'”
#81
چنین داد پاسخ که نزد پدر
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گرامی چوجانست فرخ پسر
“He answered: 'To a father, a blessed son is as precious as his own soul.”
#82
پس ازمرگ نامش بماند به جای
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ازیرا پسرخواندش رهنمای
“After death, his name remains alive through him; thus the wise call a son a guiding light.'”
#83
بپرسید دیگر که ازخواسته
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که دانی که دارد دل آراسته
“Another asked: 'Whose heart do you consider well-adorned concerning wealth?'”
#84
چنین داد پاسخ که مردم به چیز
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گرامیست وز چیز خوارست نیز
“He answered: 'Man gains honor through possessions, yet by possessions he can also be abased.”
#85
نخست آنکه یابی بدو آرزوی
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ز هستیش پیدا کنی نیک‌خوی
“First, when through wealth you fulfill desire and manifest a noble character.”
#86
وگر چون بباید نیاری به کار
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همان سنگ وهم گوهر شاهوار
“But if you fail to use it when needed, a royal jewel and a common stone are one and the same.'”
#87
دگر گفت با تاج و نام بلند
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کرا خوانی از خسروان سودمند
“Another asked: 'Among monarchs holding crowns and great renown, whom do you deem beneficial?'”
#88
چنین داد پاسخ کزان شهریار
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که ایمن بود مرد پرهیزکار
“He answered: 'That sovereign under whose rule the pious man finds safety,”
#89
وز آواز او بدهراسان بود
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زمین زیر تختش تن آسان بود
“While the evil-doer fears his voice, and the earth rests at ease beneath his throne.'”
#90
دگر گفت مردم توانگر بچیست
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به گیتی پر از رنج و درویش کیست
“Another asked: 'Through what is a man truly rich, and who in this world of toil is truly poor?'”
#91
چنین گفت آنکس که هستش بسند
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ببخش خداوند چرخ بلند
“He said: 'Rich is he who is contented with the portion granted by the Lord of the high heavens.”
#92
کسی را کجا بخت انباز نیست
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بدی در جهان بتر از آز نیست
“And for him whose fortune is no ally, there is no evil in the world worse than Greed.'”
#93
ازو نامداران فروماندند
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همه همزبان آفرین خواندند
“At his words, the nobles were struck with wonder, and all with one voice sang his praises.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
Suggested inquiries: