🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
✦
✦
✦
✦
Historical Era (Parthian & Sasanian)

Bahgoor

❖
94 distichs in this chapter
Click any distich to open the interactive annotation drawer.
Bahram Gur's Reflections on Mortality, the Lion-Slaying at Jaz, and the Royal Edict
In the golden warmth of spring, King Bahram Gur commanded his emerald turquoise throne to be carried into a blossoming garden and set beneath the sheltering boughs of a flower-scattering tree. With wine-cups flowing and minstrel harp-strings vibrating, he gathered his highest ministers. Yet amidst the splendor, a sudden gravity touched the monarch’s heart. He spoke to his counselor of the transience of all earthly glory, reflecting that whether king or beggar, every soul must at last lie solitary in the dust of the tomb. All earthly registries of grandeur are erased by death, and only a good name endures beyond the grave. Observing that he had reached thirty-eight years of age, he observed that as forty approaches, a person must turn their soul toward the Almighty, don the garment of humility, and abandon vanity. Yet, he resolved to spend two final years enjoying the chase and the cup before devoting himself entirely to pious reflection.

When the cool autumn breezes of Shahrivar rustled the leaves and the festival of Mehregan arrived, Bahram donned fine furs and turned his eyes toward the famed hunting grounds of the plain of Jaz—a vast wilderness where wild tamarisks grew tall as spears, teeming with plump wild asses and roaring lions. Leading ten thousand sword-bearing cavalrymen, the King set out in grand array. His engineers rode ahead, digging deep wells and fitting them with water-wheels wrapped in silk to ensure abundance for the host. Reaching the fringes of Jaz, Bahram marveled at the wild thickets resounding with the roars of predators.

At break of day, after a night of festive drinking, Bahram rode straight into the dense forest. A ferocious lion, satiated after devouring a wild ass, charged out with terrifying fury. Refusing to use his bow or mace, Bahram drew his sharp sword, declaring that a true king must face the king of beasts blade-to-blade so that none could question his valor. With a single mighty blow, he cleaved the lion cleanly in two from head to waist; when its roaring mate bounded forth, he struck her down instantly with a swift blade to the neck.

The elderly mobad stepped forward, praising Bahram’s unparalleled strength yet gently counseling him to spare himself such rash peril, reminding him that he was now the sovereign protector of all Iran and his life belonged to his empire. Bahram graciously accepted the wisdom of the priest and returned to his royal pavilion.

That evening, as the army feasted off golden platters, Bahram lifted a heavy crystal goblet. He offered a noble toast to the memory of Ardashir Babakan, the righteous restorer of the realm, while condemning Alexander of Macedon for his brutal destruction of Iran's ancient royal dynasties. Bahram pledged that his own reign would be defined solely by justice and generosity. He immediately dispatched heralds through the army, proclaiming a strict royal edict: any soldier who plundered even a single thread of silk, a grain of wheat, or damaged an orchard in the lands of Jaz and Barquh would be bound backward upon his mount and dispatched in shame to the sacred fire temple of Adur Gushnasp to face imprisonment and pay full restitution. Hearing of the King's absolute protection, the merchants and townspeople of Jaz rejoiced, and the desert markets flourished like the vibrant bazaars of Cathay.
#1
بفرمود تا تخت شاهنشهی
✦
به باغ بهار اندر آرد رهی
“He commanded that the imperial throne be brought into the garden of spring.”
#2
به فرمان ببردند پیروزه تخت
✦
نهادند زیر گلفشان درخت
“By his command, they brought the turquoise throne and placed it beneath a flower-shading tree.”
#3
می و جام بردند و رامشگران
✦
به پالیز رفتند با مهتران
“They brought wine, goblets, and musicians, entering the garden accompanied by the noble grandees.”
#4
چنین گفت با رای‌زن شهریار
✦
که خرم به مردم بود روزگار
“The King addressed his counselor, saying: 'The world is rendered joyous only through humankind.'”
#5
به دخمه درون بس که تنها شویم
✦
اگرچند با برز و بالا شویم
“'For within the tomb we shall lie solitary for long, though now we possess stature and lofty pride.'”
#6
همه بسترد مرگ دیوانها
✦
به پای آورد کاخ و ایوانها
“'Death erases every registry of deeds; it brings low all grand palaces and towering halls.'”
#7
ز شاه و ز درویش هر کو بمرد
✦
ابا خویشتن نام نیکی ببرد
“'Be it monarch or mendicant, whoever departs this life takes with him only a good name.'”
#8
ز گیتی ستایش به ما بر بس است
✦
که گنج درم بهر دیگر کس است
“'Praise from the world is sufficient for us, for treasures of coin ultimately belong to others.'”
#9
بی‌آزاری و راستی بایدت
✦
چو خواهی که این خورده نگزایدت
“'Harmlessness and truth are required of thee, if thou desirest that this temporary nourishment harm thee not.'”
#10
کنون سال من رفت بر سی و هشت
✦
بسی روز بر شادمانی گذشت
“'Now my age hath reached thirty and eight years; many a day hath passed in joyous delight.'”
#11
چو سال جوان بر کشد بر چهل
✦
غم روز مرگ اندر آید به دل
“'When a youth's age climbs toward forty, the grief of death's inevitable day enters the heart.'”
#12
چو یک موی گردد به سر بر سپید
✦
بباید گسستن ز شادی امید
“'When even a single hair turns white upon the head, one must sever one's hopes from mere worldly frivolity.'”
#13
چو کافور شد مشک معیوب گشت
✦
به کافور بر تاج ناخوب گشت
“'When the musk of black hair turns to camphor, it becomes flawed; upon camphor-white hair, the crown loses its splendor.'”
#14
همی بزم و بازی کنم تا دو سال
✦
چو لختی شکست اندر آید به یال
“'I shall indulge in feasts and mirth for two more years, until a touch of weakness touches my neck.'”
#15
شوم پیش یزدان بپوشم پلاس
✦
نباشم ز گفتار او ناسپاس
“'Then I shall go before God clad in sackcloth, never ungrateful for His holy word.'”
#16
به شادی بسی روز بگذاشتم
✦
ز بادی که بد بهره برداشتم
“'I have spent many days in joy, deriving pleasure even from the fleeting breeze.'”
#17
کنون بر گل و نار و سیب و بهی
✦
ز می جام زرین ندارم تهی
“'Now, amidst roses, pomegranates, apples, and quinces, I shall not leave my golden cup empty of wine.'”
#18
چو بینم رخ سیب بیجاده رنگ
✦
شود آسمان همچو پشت پلنگ
“'When I see the apple's cheek ruby-red, and the autumn sky speckled like a leopard's hide,'”
#19
برومند و بویا بهاری بود
✦
می سرخ چون غمگساری بود
“'Though spring is fruitful and fragrant, red wine is the true comforter of souls.'”
#20
هوا راست گردد نه گرم و نه سرد
✦
زمین سبزه و آبها لاژورد
“'When the air becomes temperate, neither hot nor cold, the earth turns green and the waters azure,'”
#21
چو با مهرگانی بپوشیم خز
✦
به نخچیر باید شدن سوی جز
“'When at Mehregan we don garments of silk and fur, we must set out for the hunt toward the plain of Jaz.'”
#22
بدان دشت نخچیر کاری کنیم
✦
که اندر جهان یادگاری کنیم
“'In that hunting ground we shall perform such deeds as shall leave a lasting renown across the world.'”
#23
کنون گردن گور گردد ستبر
✦
دل شیر نر گیرد و رنگ ببر
“'Now the wild ass's neck grows thick, gaining the courage of a fierce lion and the coat of a tiger.'”
#24
سگ و یوز با چرغ و شاهین و باز
✦
نباید کشیدن به راه دراز
“'Hounds, cheetahs, sakers, falcons, and hawks need not be dragged along the long journey,'”
#25
که آن جای گرزست و تیر و کمان
✦
نباشیم بی‌تاختن یک زمان
“'For that is the place of mace, bow, and arrow; we shall not rest a moment from the charge.'”
#26
بیابان که من دیده‌ام زیر جز
✦
شده چون بن نیزه بالای گز
“'The desert beneath Jaz which I have seen—its tamarisks have grown as tall as spear-shafts.'”
#27
بران جایگه نیز یابیم شیر
✦
شکاری بود گر بمانیم دیر
“'In that domain we shall also find lions; it will yield rich game if we tarry long.'”
#28
همی بود تا ابر شهریوری
✦
برآمد جهان شد پر از لشکری
“So time passed until the clouds of Shahrivar arose, and the world was filled with troops.”
#29
ز هر گوشه‌ای لشکری جنگجوی
✦
سوی شاه ایران نهادند روی
“From every corner, warlike armies turned their faces toward the King of Iran.”
#30
ازیشان گزین کرد گردنکشان
✦
کسی کو ز نخچیر دارد نشان
“From among them he selected brave nobles—those who bore skill and fame in hunting.”
#31
بیاورد لشکر به دشت شکار
✦
سواران شمشیر زن ده هزار
“He brought his army to the hunting plain—ten thousand sword-wielding horsemen.”
#32
ببردند خرگاه و پرده‌سرای
✦
همان خیمه و آخر و چارپای
“They carried pavilions, royal tents, encamping equipment, stables, and livestock.”
#33
همه زیردستان به پیش سپاه
✦
برفتند هرجای کندند چاه
“All the laborers and attendants went ahead of the host, digging wells everywhere,”
#34
بدان تا نهند از بر چاه چرخ
✦
کنند از بر چرخ چینی سطرخ
“So that they might place water-wheels over the wells, covering the wheels with fine Chinese silk matting.”
#35
پس لشکر اندر همی تاخت شاه
✦
خود و ویژگان تا به نخچیرگاه
“Behind the army rode the King himself, accompanied by his intimates, riding toward the hunting ground.”
#36
بیابان سراسر پر از گور دید
✦
همه بیشه از شیر پرشور دید
“He saw the desert entirely filled with wild asses, and all the thickets roaring with lions.”
#37
چنین گفت که‌اینجا شکار منست
✦
که از شیر بر خاک چندین تنست
“He said: 'This is indeed my hunting ground, where so many lions lie slain upon the earth!'”
#38
بخسپید شادان‌دل و تن‌درست
✦
که فردا بباید مرا شیر جست
“He slept with a joyous heart and healthy body, saying: 'Tomorrow I must seek out the lions!'”
#39
کنون می گساریم تا چاک روز
✦
چو رخشان شود هور گیتی فروز
“'Now we drink wine until the break of dawn, when the world-illuminating sun shines bright.'”
#40
نخستین به شمشیر شیر افگنیم
✦
همان اژدهای دلیر افگنیم
“'First with the sword we shall slay the lion, and overthrow the brave dragon-like beast.'”
#41
چو این بیشه از شیر گردد تهی
✦
خدنگ مرا گور گردد رهی
“'When this thicket is purged of lions, my poplar arrows shall find their prey in the wild ass.'”
#42
ببود آن شب و بامداد پگاه
✦
سوی بیشه رفتند شاه و سپاه
“That night passed, and at early dawn, the King and his army advanced toward the thicket.”
#43
همانگاه بیرون خرامید شیر
✦
دلاور شده خورده از گور سیر
“At that moment, out strode a mighty lion, emboldened after feeding to satiety on a wild ass.”
#44
به یاران چنین گفت بهرام گرد
✦
که تیر و کمان دارم و دست برد
“The heroic Bahram said to his companions: 'I possess bow, arrows, and martial skill;'”
#45
ولیکن به شمشیر یازم به شیر
✦
بدان تا نخواند مرا نادلیر
“'Yet I shall strike the lion with my sword alone, so that none may brand me a coward!'”
#46
بپوشید تر کرده پشمین قبای
✦
به اسپ نبرد اندر آورد پای
“He donned his soaked woolen tunic and set his foot into the stirrup of his warhorse.”
#47
چو شیر اژدها دید بر پای خاست
✦
ز بالا دو دست اندر آورد راست
“When the dragon-like lion saw him, it reared up on its hind legs and brought both paws straight down from above.”
#48
همی خواست زد بر سر اسپ اوی
✦
بزد پاشنه مرد نخچیر جوی
“It sought to strike at the horse's head; thereupon the hunt-seeking king spurred his charger.”
#49
بزد بر سر شیر شمشیر تیز
✦
سبک جفت او جست راه گریز
“He struck the lion's head with his sharp sword, and swiftly its mate sought a path to flee.”
#50
ز سر تا میانش به دو نیم کرد
✦
دل نره شیران پر از بیم کرد
“He cleaved the beast in two from head to waist, filling the hearts of fierce lions with terror.”
#51
بیامد دگر شیر غران دلیر
✦
همی جفت او بچه پرورد زیر
“Then came the other lion, roaring and bold, who had been rearing its young down below with its mate.”
#52
بزد خنجری تیز بر گردنش
✦
سر شیر نر کنده شد از تنش
“He struck its neck with a sharp dagger, severing the male lion's head from its body.”
#53
یکی گفت که‌ای شاه خورشید چهر
✦
نداری همی بر تن خویش مهر
“One of his companions said: 'O sun-visaged King, do you possess no care or love for your own life?'”
#54
همه بیشه شیرند با بچگان
✦
همه بچگان شیر مادر مکان
“'This entire thicket is teeming with lions and cubs, all dwelling in their mother's lair.'”
#55
کنون باید آژیر بودن دلیر
✦
که در مهرگان بچه دارد به زیر
“'Now must a hero tread with caution, for in autumn the lioness guards her young below.'”
#56
سه فرسنگ بالای این بیشه است
✦
به یک سال اگر شیرگیری به دست
“'This forest extends three leagues long; even if you spend a whole year hunting lions here,'”
#57
جهان هم نگردد ز شیران تهی
✦
تو چندین چرا رنج بر تن نهی
“'...the world will never be emptied of them. Why then subject yourself to such endless toil?'”
#58
چو بنشست بر تخت شاه از نخست
✦
به پیمان جز از چنگ شیران نجست
“'When the King first mounted the throne, he sought the crown from between the lions' claws as promised.'”
#59
کنون شهریاری به ایران تراست
✦
به گور آمدی جنگ شیران چراست
“'Now the sovereignty over Iran is yours; you came for wild asses, so why fight lions?'”
#60
بدو گفت شاه ای خردمند پیر
✦
به شبگیر فردا من و گور و تیر
“The King replied: 'O wise old sage, tomorrow at dawn it shall be I, the wild ass, and my arrow.'”
#61
سواران گردنکش اندر زمان
✦
نکردند نامی به تیر و کمان
“'Proud horsemen of ancient days did not achieve renown merely through bow and arrow.'”
#62
اگر داد مردی بخواهیم داد
✦
به گوپال و شمشیر گیریم یاد
“'If we wish to render true justice to valor, we must be remembered by mace and sword.'”
#63
بدو گفت موبد که مرد سوار
✦
نبیند چو تو گرد در کارزار
“The Mobad said to him: 'No mounted warrior has ever seen your match amid the dust of battle.'”
#64
که چشم بد از فر تو دور باد
✦
نشست تو در گلشن و سور باد
“'May the evil eye remain far from your royal glory, and may your place ever be in gardens and feasts!'”
#65
به پرده‌سرای آمد از بیشه شاه
✦
ابا موبد و پهلوان سپاه
“The King returned from the forest unto his pavilion, accompanied by the Mobad and the army's commander.”
#66
همی خواند لشکر برو آفرین
✦
که بی‌تو مبادا کلاه و نگین
“The whole army showered blessings upon him, saying: 'May crown and signet ring never be deprived of thee!'”
#67
به خرگاه شد چون سپه بازگشت
✦
ز دادنش گیتی پرآواز گشت
“He entered his royal tent as the host retired, and the world echoed with praises of his bounty.”
#68
یکی دانشی مرزبان پیشکار
✦
به خرگاه نو بر پراگنده خار
“A wise marchlord who served as steward had scattered fresh aromatic herbs in the new royal tent.”
#69
نهادند کافور و مشک و گلاب
✦
بگسترد مشک از بر جای خواب
“They set out camphor, musk, and rosewater, spreading pure musk over his couch.”
#70
همه خیمه‌ها خوان زرین نهاد
✦
برو کاسه آرایش چین نهاد
“Golden banquet tables were spread in all the tents, arrayed with finest Chinese bowls.”
#71
بیاراست سالار خوان از بره
✦
همه خوردنیها که بد یکسره
“The steward adorned the feast with roasted lamb and all manner of delicious fare.”
#72
چو نان خورده شد شاه بهرام گور
✦
بفرمود جامی بزرگ از بلور
“When the meal was ended, King Bahram Gur commanded a great crystal goblet to be brought,”
#73
که آرد پری‌چهرهٔ میْ گسار
✦
نهد بر کف دادگر شهریار
“So that a fairy-visaged cupbearer might present it, placing it upon the hand of the just monarch.”
#74
چنین گفت که‌آن شهریار اردشیر
✦
که برنا شد از بخت او مرد پیر
“He spoke thus: 'That monarch Ardashir, through whose auspicious fortune aged men grew young,'”
#75
سر مایه او بود ما کهتریم
✦
اگر کهتری را خود اندر خوریم
“'...was our noble foundation, and we are but lesser men—if indeed we are worthy even of such smallness!'”
#76
به رزم و به بزم و به رای و به خوان
✦
جز او را جهاندار گیتی مخوان
“'In battle, banquet, counsel, and feast, call no other man the lord of the world!'”
#77
بدانگه که اسکندر آمد ز روم
✦
به ایران و ویران شد این مرز و بوم
“'At that time when Alexander came from Rome to Iran, and this realm was laid waste,'”
#78
کجا ناجوانمرد بود و درشت
✦
چو سی و شش از شهریاران بکشت
“'...he was ungenerous and harsh, putting to death some thirty-six kings of the land.'”
#79
لب خسروان پر ز نفرین اوست
✦
همه روی گیتی پر از کین اوست
“'The lips of all monarchs are filled with curses upon him, and the whole earth is filled with hatred against him.'”
#80
کجا بر فریدون کنند آفرین
✦
بر اوی‌ست نفرین ز جویای کین
“'Where men shower praise upon Fereydun, only curses rain upon Alexander from all who seek justice.'”
#81
مبادا جز از نیکویی در جهان
✦
ز من در میان کهان و مهان
“May nothing but goodness be remembered of me in this world, among both the humble and the great.”
#82
بیارید گفتا مُنادیگری
✦
خوش آواز و از نامداران سری
“He commanded, "Bring forth a herald, sweet-voiced and a leader among the renowned,”
#83
که گردد سراسر به گرد سپاه
✦
همی برخروشد به بی‌راه و راه
“To ride all around the encampment of the host, proclaiming aloud along every path and highway:”
#84
بگوید که بر کوی بر شهر جَز
✦
گر از گوهر و زر و دیبا و خز
“'That in the streets and town of Jaz, if anyone should wrongfully seize precious jewels, gold, brocade, or silk,”
#85
چنین تا به خاشاک ناچیز پست
✦
بیازد کسی ناسزاوار دست
“Down to the meanest and most worthless straw, if anyone stretch out an unworthy hand,”
#86
بر اسپش نشانم ز پس کرده روی
✦
ز ایدر کشان با دو پرخاشجوی
“I shall seat him backward upon his horse and have him dragged hence by two fierce warrior guards,”
#87
دو پایش ببندند در زیر اسپ
✦
فرستمش تا خان آذرگشسپ
“Bound by both feet beneath the horse's belly, and send him to the Temple of Azargashasp,”
#88
نیایش کند پیش آتش به خاک
✦
پرستش کند پیش یزدان پاک
“To bow in the dust before the holy fire and offer repentance to God Almighty.”
#89
بدان کس دهم چیز او را که چیز
✦
ازو بستد و رنج او دید نیز
“And I shall surrender all his goods to the victim whom he robbed and brought hardship upon.”
#90
وگر اسپ در کشت‌زاری کند
✦
ور آهنگ بر میوه‌داری کند
“And if anyone's horse enter a cultivated field, or make an assault upon a fruit orchard,”
#91
ز زندان نیابد به سالی رها
✦
سوار سرافراز گر بی‌بها
“He shall not gain release from prison for a full year, whether he be a proud knight or a man of no account.'”
#92
همان رنج ما بس گزیده‌ست بهر
✦
بیاییم و آزرده گردند شهر
“Our arrival alone brings sufficient burden; shall we come only for the cities to suffer distress?”
#93
برفتند بازارگانان شهر
✦
ز جزّ و ز برقوه مردم دو بهر
“Thereupon the merchants of the city set out, and the folk of both Jaz and Barquh gathered in crowds,”
#94
بیابان چو بازار چین شد ز بار
✦
بر آن‌سو که بد لشکر شهریار
“And the desert became like a market of China with abundant goods, right beside where the monarch's army lay camped.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
Suggested inquiries: