🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
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Historical Era (Parthian & Sasanian)

Bahgoor

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116 distichs in this chapter
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Bahram Gur Slays the Dragon, Visits a Humble Home Incognito, and the Drying of the Cow's Milk
Following a season of banquets and joy among his nobles, spring blossomed across the earth like paradise. Rivers flowed clear, and the plains teemed with game. King Bahram Gur rode forth toward the wilds of Tur to hunt wild asses and gazelles. Deep in the wilderness, the valiant king encountered a monstrous dragon with hair beneath its chin and breasts resembling a woman's. Bahram immediately notched a poplar arrow to his bow, pierced the beast's chest, and split its skull with his dagger. Within its belly, he discovered a young man engulfed in blood and venom. Bahram wept bitterly over the victim's fate, yet the creature's virulent poison dimmed his vision and weakened his frame.

After regaining his strength, Bahram resolved to travel disguised with a single guide through the countryside to witness firsthand if justice truly prevailed. Riding his beloved steed Shabdiz under the scorching sun, weary and thirsty, he reached a humble cottage in a plain. A woman carrying a pitcher on her shoulder welcomed the traveler and persuaded her reluctant husband to slaughter their only lamb for this noble stranger, whose face radiated the Royal Glory. She set before him bread, curds, and roasted meat, and as night fell, brought wine and dried fruit.

When Bahram inquired about the realm, the woman, unaware of her guest's royal identity, spoke candidly of corrupt officials, extortion, and false accusations that ruined honest lives under the crown. Hearing her reproaches, Bahram's heart grew dark; he harbor a harsh thought to rule with severity for a few months to teach the people a lesson. He fell asleep with oppression in his heart. At dawn, when the host's wife went to milk her cow, she found its udders entirely dry. She forewarned her husband that the King of the Earth must have turned tyrant, for when a sovereign strays from justice, milk dries in udders, musk loses its scent, and cosmic abundance vanishes.

Overhearing her words, remorse pierced Bahram's soul. He prayed fervently to Yazdan, repenting of his tyrannical thoughts and vowing never to depart from righteousness. When the woman touched the cow again in God's name, milk gushed forth abundantly. Touched by the miracle, Bahram drank the milk stew, hung his royal whip upon a tree branch at their gate, and awaited his army. When his vast army arrived and recognized the royal whip, the troops dismounted in homage. The humble hosts realized that their guest was King Bahram Gur himself. Grateful for their pure hospitality and honest counsel, Bahram bestowed the entire village and surrounding realm upon the couple forever.
#1
همی بود یک چند با مهتران
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می روشن و جام و رامشگران
“For a time he dwelt amidst the grandees, with bright wine, goblets, and minstrelsy.”
#2
بهار آمد و شد جهان چون بهشت
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به خاک سیه بر فلک لاله کشت
“Then spring arrived and the world turned into paradise; heaven planted tulips upon the black soil.”
#3
همه بومها پر ز نخجیر گشت
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بجوی آبها چون می و شیر گشت
“Every domain became full of wild game; in every stream, water flowed sweet as wine and milk.”
#4
گرازیدن گور و آهو به شخ
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کشیدند بر سبزه هر جای نخ
“Wild asses and gazelles pranced upon the rocky hills; everywhere they stretched themselves upon the green sward.”
#5
همه جویباران پر از مشک دم
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بسان گل نارون می به خم
“All the streams were filled with musk-scented breezes, like pomegranate blossoms bending over wine.”
#6
بگفتند با شاه بهرام گور
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که شد دیر هنگام نخچیر گور
“They said to King Bahram Gur: 'The season for hunting wild asses has grown long overdue.'”
#7
چنین داد پاسخ که مردی هزار
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گزین کرد باید ز لشکر سوار
“The king made answer: 'A thousand chosen horsemen must be selected from the host.'”
#8
سوی تور شد شاه نخچیرجوی
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جهان گشت یکسر پر از گفت‌وگوی
“Toward Tur the king rode seeking game, and the whole world echoed with talk of him.”
#9
ز گور و ز غرم و ز آهو جهان
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بپرداختند آن دلاور مهان
“Those mighty lords cleared the earth of wild asses, mountain sheep, and gazelles.”
#10
سه دیگر چو بفروخت خورشید تاج
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زمین زرد شد کوه و دریا چو عاج
“On the third day, as the sun lit its crown, the earth turned golden and mountains and sea shone like ivory.”
#11
به نخچیر شد شهریار دلیر
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یکی اژدها دید چون نره شیر
“The valiant king rode forth to hunt, and beheld a dragon mighty as a ferocious lion.”
#12
به بالای او موی زیر سرش
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دو پستان بسان زنان از برش
“Hair hung beneath its head along its height, and upon its chest were two breasts like those of women.”
#13
کمان را به زه کرد و تیر خدنگ
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بزد بر بر اژدها بی‌درنگ
“He strung his bow and shot a poplar arrow straight into the dragon's chest without delay.”
#14
دگر تیز زد بر میان سرش
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فروریخت چون آب خون از برش
“Then struck another sharp arrow upon the middle of its head, until blood poured from it like water.”
#15
فرود آمد و خنجری برکشید
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سراسر بر اژدها بردرید
“He dismounted, drew his dagger, and slit the dragon completely open.”
#16
یکی مرد برنا فروبرده بود
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به خون و به زهر اندر افسرده بود
“A young man lay swallowed inside, steeped in blood and deadly venom.”
#17
بران مرد بسیار بگریست زار
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وزان زهر شد چشم بهرام تار
“Over that young man Bahram wept bitterly, and from that venom his eyes grew dim.”
#18
وزانجا بیامد به پرده‌سرای
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می آورد و خوبان بربط سرای
“From there he returned to his royal tent, called for wine and fair lute-playing maidens.”
#19
چو سی روز بگذشت ز اردیبهشت
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شد از میوه پالیزها چون بهشت
“When thirty days of Ordibehesht had passed, the orchards became like paradise with fruits.”
#20
چنان ساخت کاید به تور اندرون
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پرستنده با او یکی رهنمون
“He planned to enter Tur incognito, accompanied only by a single attendant to guide him.”
#21
به شبگیر هرمزد خرداد ماه
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ازان دشت سوی دهی رفت‌شاه
“At dawn on the day of Hormozd in Khordad month, the king rode from that plain toward a village.”
#22
ببیند که اندر جهان داد هست
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بجوید دل مرد یزدان‌پرست
“To see if justice reigned in the world, and to seek out the heart of the God-fearing man.”
#23
همی راند شبدیز را نرم‌نرم
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برین‌گونه تا روز برگشت گرم
“He rode Shabdiz gently onward thus, until the day grew hot.”
#24
همی‌راند حیران و پیچان به راه
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به خواب و به آب آرزومند شاه
“The king rode on, bewildered and weary, longing for sleep and refreshing water.”
#25
چنین تا به آباد جایی رسید
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به هامون به نزد سرایی رسید
“Thus he arrived at an inhabited spot, reaching a dwelling upon the plain.”
#26
زنی دید بر کتف او بر سبوی
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ز بهرام خسرو بپوشید روی
“He saw a woman carrying a pitcher upon her shoulder, who veiled her face from Khosrow Bahram.”
#27
بدو گفت بهرام کایدر سپنج
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دهید ار نه باید گذشتن به رنج
“Bahram said to her: 'Give shelter here to a guest, lest I must pass on in distress.'”
#28
چنین گفت زن کای نبرده سوار
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تو این خانه چون خانهٔ خویش دار
“The woman replied: 'O noble rider, hold this house as if it were thine own!'”
#29
چو پاسخ شنید اسپ در خانه راند
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زن میزبان شوی را پیش خواند
“Hearing her response, he rode his steed into the house; the hostess called her husband forward.”
#30
بدو گفت کاه آر و اسپش بمال
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چو گاه جو آید بکن در جوال
“She said to him: 'Bring straw and rub down his horse, and when barley comes, put it in the feed-bag.'”
#31
خود آمد به جایی که بودش نهفت
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ز پیش اندرون رفت و خانه برفت
“She herself went to a private corner, went ahead and swept the house clean.”
#32
حصیری بگسترد و بالش نهاد
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به بهرام بر آفرین کرد یاد
“She spread a reed mat, laid a pillow down, and spoke blessings upon Bahram.”
#33
سوی خانهٔ آب شد آب برد
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همی در نهان شوی را برشمرد
“She went toward the water-place to fetch water, chiding her husband in secret as she went.”
#34
که این پیر و ابله بماند به جای
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هرانگه که بیند کس اندر سرای
“Saying: 'This foolish old man stands helpless whenever he sees a stranger in the dwelling!'”
#35
نباشد چنین کار کار زنان
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منم لشکری‌دار دندان کنان
“'Such matters are not women's work; it is I who manage the house with firm resolve.'”
#36
بشد شاه بهرام و رخ را بشست
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کزان اژدها بود ناتن درست
“King Bahram went and washed his face, for his body was still unwell from the dragon's poison.”
#37
بیامد نشست از بر آن حصیر
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بدر خانه بر پای بد مرد پیر
“He came and sat upon that reed mat, while the old man stood ready outside the door.”
#38
بیاورد خوانی و بنهاد راست
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برو تره و سرکه و نان و ماست
“She brought a tray and set it straight, putting herbs, vinegar, bread, and yogurt upon it.”
#39
بخورد اندکی نان و نالان بخفت
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به دستار چینی رخ اندر نهفت
“He ate a little bread, lay down groaning, and covered his face with a Chinese cloth.”
#40
چو از خواب بیدار شد زن بشوی
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همی گفت کای زشت ناشسته روی
“When he awoke from sleep, the woman said to her husband: 'O thou sour-faced unwashed fool!'”
#41
بره کشت باید ترا کاین سوار
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بزرگست و از تخمهٔ شهریار
“'A lamb must be slaughtered, for this rider is a great man of royal blood!'”
#42
که فر کیان دارد و نور ماه
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نماند همی جز به بهرامشاه
“'He possesses the Royal Glory and the moon's radiance; he resembles none other than King Bahram!'”
#43
چنین گفت با زن گرانمایه شوی
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که چندین چرا بایدت گفت‌وگوی
“The noble husband said to his wife: 'Why must thou speak so much?'”
#44
نداری نمکسود و هیزم نه نان
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چه سازی تو برگ چنین میهمان
“'Thou hast no salted meat, no firewood, nor bread; how wilt thou prepare provision for such a guest?'”
#45
بره‌ کشتی و خورد و رفت این سوار
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تو شو خر به انبوهی اندر گذار
“'If the lamb is killed, eaten, and this rider departs, thou wilt be left to struggle in hardship.'”
#46
زمستان و سرما و باد دمان
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به پیش آیدت یک زمان بی‌گمان
“Winter, the bitter cold, and howling gale shall surely meet thee in a fleeting moment.”
#47
همی گفت انباز و نشنید زن
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که هم نیک‌پی بود و هم رای‌زن
“The husband kept insisting, yet his wife paid no heed, for she was both auspicious and wise in counsel.”
#48
بره کشته شد هم به فرجام کار
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به گفتار آن زن ز بهر سوار
“At long last, by the insistence of that noble woman, the lamb was slaughtered for the sake of the rider.”
#49
چو شد کشته دیگی هریسه بپخت
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برند آتش از هیزم نیم‌سخت
“Once it was slain, she prepared a rich porridge in the pot, fanning the blaze with dry firewood.”
#50
بیاورد چیزی بر شهریار
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برو خایه و تره جویبار
“She brought before the king a meal garnished with eggs and fresh herbs from the stream bank.”
#51
یکی پاره بریان ببرد از بره
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همان پخته چیزی که بد یکسره
“She served a roasted portion of the lamb, along with all the rest of the cooked dish.”
#52
چو بهرام دست از خورشها بشست
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همی بود بی‌خواب و ناتن‌درست
“When Bahram washed his hands of food, he remained sleepless and ailing at heart.”
#53
چو شب کرد با آفتاب انجمن
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کدوی می و سنجد آورد زن
“As dusk united the dark night with sun's last light, the woman brought a pitcher of wine and oleaster berries.”
#54
بدو گفت شاه ای زن کم‌سخن
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یکی داستان گوی با من کهن
“The King addressed her, 'O quiet woman, recite to me an ancient tale.'”
#55
بدان تا به گفتار تو می خوریم
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به می درد و اندوه را بشکریم
“'So that while listening to thy story we may drink wine, and chase away our grief and toil with the bowl.'”
#56
بتو داستان نیز کردم یله
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ز بهرامت آزادیست ار گله
“'I leave the choice of story to thee; tell if thou hast praise or grievance concerning King Bahram.'”
#57
زن کم‌سخن گفت آری نکوست
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هم آغاز هر کار و فرجام ازوست
“The quiet woman replied: 'Indeed, it is good; for the beginning and end of every affair rest with God.'”
#58
بدو گفت بهرام کاین است و بس
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ازو دادجویی نبینند کس
“Bahram said to her: 'Is that all? Does no one find justice from the King?'”
#59
زن برمنش گفت کای پاک‌رای
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برین ده فراوان کس است و سرای
“The high-minded woman replied: 'O pure-minded guest, in this village dwell many people and homesteads.'”
#60
همیشه گذار سواران بود
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ز دیوان و از کارداران بود
“'It is ever the passing-way of horsemen—officials and tax-collectors of the court.'”
#61
یکی نام دزدی نهد بر کسی
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که فرجام زان رنج یابد بسی
“'One of them might accuse an innocent man of theft, bringing endless misery upon him in the end.'”
#62
ز بهر درم گرددش کینه‌کش
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که ناخوش کند بر دلش روز خوش
“'For the sake of money he becomes vengeful, souring the man's happy days into sorrow.'”
#63
زن پاک‌تن را به آلودگی
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برد نام و آرد به بیهودگی
“'He slanders the name of a chaste woman with impurity, reducing her life to ruin.'”
#64
زیانی بود کان نیابد به گنج
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ز شاه جهاندار اینست رنج
“'A harm is done that no treasure can repair; such is the suffering caused under the world-ruling King.'”
#65
پراندیشه شد زان سخن شهریار
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که بد شد ورا نام زان مایه‌کار
“The king grew deep in thought at her words, grieved that his reputation was tarnished by such officials.”
#66
چنین گفت پس شاه یزدان‌شناس
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که از دادگر کس ندارد سپاس
“Then the God-fearing king said to himself: 'No one gives thanks to a just ruler!'”
#67
درشتی کنم زین سخن ماه چند
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که پیدا شود داد و مهر از گزند
“'I shall show severity for a few months, so that justice and mercy may be distinguished from tyranny.'”
#68
شب تیره ز اندیشه پیچان بخفت
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همه شب دلش با ستم بود جفت
“In the dark night he fell asleep twisted in anxious thought, his heart intent on severity all night long.”
#69
بدانگه که شب چادر مشک‌بوی
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بدرید و بر چرخ بنمود روی
“When night tore away her musk-scented veil and dawn revealed its face upon the sky,”
#70
بیامد زن از خانه با شوی گفت
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که هرکاره و آتش آر از نهفت
“The woman came out of the house and told her husband, 'Bring the stone pot and fire from the hearth.'”
#71
ز هرگونه تخم اندرافگن به آب
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نباید که بیند ورا آفتاب
“'Throw all sorts of herbs and seeds into the water, and let not the sunlight fall upon it.'”
#72
کنون تا بدوشم ازین گاو شیر
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تو این کار هرکاره، آسان مگیر
“'Now while I milk this cow, do not take the matter of this pot lightly.'”
#73
بیاورد گاو از چراگاه خویش
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فراوان گیا برد و بنهاد پیش
“She brought the cow from its pasture, carrying ample fresh grass and placing it before the beast.”
#74
به پستانش بر دست مالید و گفت
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به نام خداوند بی‌یار و جفت
“She stroked its udder with her hand and said: 'In the name of God, who hath no partner nor peer.'”
#75
تهی بود پستان گاوش ز شیر
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دل میزبان جوان گشت پیر
“Yet the cow's udder was void of milk; the heart of the young host grew withered and old with grief.”
#76
چنین گفت با شوی کای کدخدای
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دل شاه گیتی دگر شد بران
“She said to her husband: 'O master of the house, the heart of the sovereign of the world hath turned away!'”
#77
ستمکاره شد شهریار جهان
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دلش دوش پیچان شد اندر نهان
“'The ruler of the world hath embraced tyranny; last night in secret his heart turned to injustice.'”
#78
بدو گفت شوی از چه گویی همی
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به فال بد اندر چه جویی همی
“Her husband said to her: 'Why speakest thou thus? Why dost thou seek ill omens in this?'”
#79
چنین گفت زن کای گرانمایه شوی
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مرا بیهده نیست این گفت‌وگوی
“The woman replied: 'O noble husband, these words of mine are not spoken in vain.'”
#80
چو بیدادگر شد جهاندار شاه
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ز گردون نتابد ببایست ماه
“'When the ruler of the world turneth unjust, even the moon in the heavens shines not as it ought.'”
#81
به پستانها در شود شیرخشک
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نبودی به نافه درون نیز مشک
“The milk within the udders turns to dust, And in the musk-gland, musk no more is found.”
#82
زنا و ربا آشکارا شود
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دل نرم چون سنگ خارا شود
“Adultery and usury walk unveiled, And tender hearts grow hard as granite stone.”
#83
به دشت اندرون گرگ مردم خورد
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خردمند بگریزد از بی‌خرد
“Wolves prey on humankind across the plain, And wise men flee before the foolish throngs.”
#84
شود خایه در زیر مرغان تباه
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هرانگه که بیدادگر گشت شاه
“The eggs decay beneath the brooding birds Whenever kings turn to tyrannical rule.”
#85
چراگاه این گاو کمتر نبود
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هم آبشخورش نیز بتر نبود
“This cow's rich pasture had not shrunk at all, Nor was its drinking-place worsened in aught.”
#86
به پستان چنین خشک شد شیراوی
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دگرگونه شد رنگ و آژیر اوی
“Yet in her udder thus the milk ran dry, Her hue was altered and her nature changed.”
#87
چو بهرامشاه این سخنها شنود
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پشیمانی آمدش ز اندیشه زود
“When King Bahram listened to these words, Swift penitence overcame his inner thought.”
#88
به یزدان چنین گفت کای کردگار
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توانا و دانندهٔ روزگار
“To God he prayed: "O Maker of the world, Almighty One who knows all passing time,"”
#89
اگر تاب گیرد دل من ز داد
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ازین پس مرا تخت شاهی مباد
“"If e'er my heart swerves from the path of justice, May royal throne be mine no more henceforth."”
#90
زن فرخ پاک یزدان‌پرست
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دگر باره بر گاو مالید دست
“The blest and pure God-fearing woman then Laid once again her hand upon the cow.”
#91
به نام خداوند زردشت گفت
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که بیرون گذاری نهان از نهفت
“"In God of Zoroaster's name," she spoke, "Who brings to light what lies concealed in deeps!"”
#92
ز پستان گاوش ببارید شیر
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زن میزبان گفت کای دستگیر
“Milk showered from the udder of the cow; The hostess cried: "O Helper of mankind!"”
#93
تو بیداد را کرده‌ای دادگر
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وگرنه نبودی ورا این هنر
“"Thou hast transformed tyranny into justice, Else would this beast possess no such virtue!"”
#94
ازان پس چنین گفت با کدخدای
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که بیداد را داد شد باز جای
“Thereafter to her husband thus she spoke: "Justice hath reclaimed its rightful place from tyranny."”
#95
تو با خنده و رامشی باش زین
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که بخشود بر ما جهان‌آفرین
“"Be full of smiles and joy because of this, For the Creator hath shown mercy to us."”
#96
به هرکاره چون شیربا پخته شد
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زن و مرد زان کار پردخته شد
“When in the pot the milk-stew had been cooked, The man and wife completed all their task.”
#97
به نزدیک مهمان شد آن پاک‌رای
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همی برد خوان از پسش کدخدای
“That pure-souled woman went unto her guest; Her husband carried in the tray behind.”
#98
نهاده بدو کاسهٔ شیربا
✦
چه نیکو بدی گر بدی زیربا
“She placed before him a bowl of milk-stew; How grand if 'twere a fragrant stew of meat!”
#99
ازان شیربا شاه لختی بخورد
✦
چنین گفت پس با زن رادمرد
“The King partook a little of the stew, And then addressed the noble-hearted dame:”
#100
که این تازیانه به درگاه بر
✦
بیاویز جایی که باشد گذر
“"Go hang this whip upon the outer gate, In such a place where everyone may pass."”
#101
نگه کن یکی شاخ بر در بلند
✦
نباید که از باد یابد گزند
“"Look for a high branch by the door above; Take heed it suffer no harm from the wind."”
#102
ازان پس ببین تا که آید ز راه
✦
همی کن بدین تازیانه نگاه
“"Then watch to see who comes along the road, And keep your gaze upon this woven whip."”
#103
خداوند خانه بپویید سخت
✦
بیاویخت آن شیب شاه از درخت
“The master of the house made haste and ran, And hung the royal whip upon the tree.”
#104
همی داشت آن را زمانی نگاه
✦
پدید آمد از راه بی‌مر سپاه
“He watched it for a fleeting moment's space, When lo! an endless army hove in sight.”
#105
هرانکس که این تازیانه بدید
✦
به بهرامشاه آفرین گسترید
“Whoever among them saw that royal whip Showerings praises upon King Bahram's name.”
#106
پیاده همه پیش شیب دراز
✦
برفتند و بردند یک یک نماز
“Dismounting all before the lengthy whip, They marched in turn and paid their deep respect.”
#107
زن و شوی گفت این به جز شاه نیست
✦
چنین چهره جز درخور گاه نیست
“The man and wife declared: "This is the King! Such visage suits none but the royal throne!"”
#108
پر از شرم رفتند هر دو ز راه
✦
پیاده دوان تا به نزدیک شاه
“Filled with deep shame, they ran along the path, On foot hastening right unto the King.”
#109
که شاها بزرگا ردا بخردا
✦
جهاندار و بر موبدان موبدا
“Crying: "O Sovereign, Great and Wise Lord, Ruler of Earth and Mobad of all priests!"”
#110
بدین خانه درویش بد میزبان
✦
زنی بی‌نوا شوی پالیزبان
“"Within this house a pauper was thy host: A helpless woman and her gardener spouse!"”
#111
بران بندگی نیز پوزش نمود
✦
همان شاه ما را پژوهش نمود
“They offered apologies for their humble service, While the King inquired after their poor state.”
#112
که چون تو بدین جای مهمان رسید
✦
بدین بی‌نوا خانه و مان رسید
“"That one like thee should come to be a guest, And enter in this destitute abode!"”
#113
بدو گفت بهرام کای روزبه
✦
ترا دادم این مرز و این خوب ده
“Bahram replied: "O man of happy fate, I grant to thee this realm and splendid vill!"”
#114
همیشه جز از میزبانی مکن
✦
برین باش و پالیزبانی مکن
“"Henceforth do naught but offer hospitality; Pursue this path, and till the soil no more."”
#115
بگفت این و خندان بشد زان سرای
✦
نشست از بر بارهٔ بادپای
“He spoke, and laughing departed from that dwelling, Mounting upon his swift, wind-footed steed.”
#116
بشد زان ده بی‌نوا شهریار
✦
بیامد به ایوان گوهرنگار
“The sovereign monarch departed from that humble village, and came unto his jewel-embellished hall.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
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