🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
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Heroic Era (Kianian)

Mahmood

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91 distichs in this chapter
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The Dispatch to Kavus, Afrasiab's Flight to Gang, and Kay Khosrow's Advance to Golzarion
Upon securing triumph on the plains of Khwarazm, King Kay Khosrow summoned his scribe to draft a magnificent royal dispatch to his grandfather, King Kavus. Sealed with fragrant musk and ambergris, the letter began with praises to God Almighty before detailing the ferocious nocturnal engagements that raged over three consecutive nights. The young sovereign announced the dispatch of three hundred severed heads of prominent Turanian chieftains alongside two hundred captured warriors to the Iranian court.

Meanwhile, the vanquished Afrasiab crossed the roaring Oxus like a raging tempest, seeking refuge with the forces of Qarakhan. Overcome with bitter grief, the Turanian monarch wept aloud for his slain kinsmen and fallen sons. Halting temporarily in Bukhara, Afrasiab convened a council of his surviving commanders. Heart-broken and battered, the lords of Turan recounted how barely twenty out of a hundred had survived the slaughter. They urged their king to withdraw beyond Chach to the legendary Gang-diz—the Paradise of Gang—a fortified sanctuary of lush beauty and thick ramparts where they could regroup. Yielding to their counsel, Afrasiab marched to Golzarion, resting three days amidst hunts with falcons and cheetahs, before entering the golden-bricked halls of Gang to drown his anxieties in wine.

Crossing the Jayhun, Kay Khosrow prostrated himself in gratitude to the Divine, distributing lavish alms to the poor and needy. He entered the province of Sogdia, bestowing wealth and restoring the region from ruin to splendor. Arraying his forces—the northern hosts of Bardaa and Ardabil under Gustaham, and the formidable southern champions of Nimruz under Rostam—Kay Khosrow issued a strict decree: any town or fort that surrendered peacefully was to be granted complete immunity and protection, while any fortress that resisted was to be razed. Advancing one hundred leagues without harming the peaceful populace, the Iranian army reached the idyllic haven of Golzarion, a paradise of forested plains and game-abundant mountains. There, by the crystal-clear waters, Kay Khosrow pitched the imperial pavilions, ascended his golden throne, and celebrated their march with a grand banquet that lasted until dawn.
#1
بفرمود تا پیش او شد دبیر
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بیاورد قرطاس و مشک و عبیر
“He commanded the royal scribe to come before him, bringing parchment, musk, and ambergris.”
#2
نبشتند نامه به کاووس شاه
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چنانچون سزا بود زان رزمگاه
“They penned a epistle to King Kavus, as was fitting after such a battlefield.”
#3
سر نامه کرد از نخست آفرین
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ستایش سزای جهان آفرین
“The heading of the letter began with praise, worthy adoration for the Creator of the World.”
#4
دگر گفت شاه جهانبان من
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پدروار لرزیده بر جان من
“Next he wrote: 'O Sovereign Lord of the realm, who hast trembled like a father for my very soul,'”
#5
بزرگیش با کوه پیوسته باد
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دل بدسگالان او خسته باد
“'May thy greatness be linked with the mountains, and may the hearts of thy ill-wishers be wounded!'”
#6
رسیدم ز ایران به ریگ فرب
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سه جنگ گران کرده شد در سه شب
“'I arrived from Iran at the sands of Farab; three heavy battles were fought across three nights.'”
#7
شمار سواران افراسیاب
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نبیند خردمند هرگز به خواب
“'The wise man never sees in his dreams the vast count of Afrasiab's horsemen.'”
#8
بریده چو سیصد سر نامدار
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فرستادم اینک بر شهریار
“'Having severed the heads of three hundred renowned leaders, I have now dispatched them unto the King.'”
#9
برادر بد و خویش و پیوند اوی
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گرامی بزرگان و فرزند اوی
“'Brothers, kinsmen, and close relatives of his—noble magnates and his own cherished offspring.'”
#10
وز آن نامداران بسته دویست
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که صد شیر با جنگ هر یک یکیست
“'And two hundred captive chieftains, each of whom matches a hundred lions in battle.'”
#11
همه رزم بر دشت خوارزم بود
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ز چرخ آفرین بر چنان رزم بود
“'All this battle was fought on the plain of Khwarazm; blessings of the heavens be upon such a battle!'”
#12
برفت او و ما از پس اندر دمان
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کشیدیم تا بر چه گردد زمان
“'He fled, and we pressed swiftly behind him, driving forward to see what fate will bring.'”
#13
بر این رزمگاه آفرین باد گفت
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همه ساله با اختر نیک جفت
“'Praise be upon this battlefield, and may you ever be paired with a favorable star!'”
#14
نهادند بر نامه مهری ز مشک
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از آن پس گذر کرد بر ریگ خشک
“They placed a seal of musk upon the letter, and after that he traversed the dry sands.”
#15
چو ز آن رود جیحون شد افراسیاب
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چو باد دمان تیز بگذشت آب
“When Afrasiab crossed the Jayhun river, he passed through the waters as swiftly as a tempestuous wind.”
#16
به پیش سپاه قراخان رسید
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همی گفت هر کس ز جنگ آنچه دید
“He arrived before the army of Qarakhan, where everyone recounted what they had witnessed of the war.”
#17
سپهدار ترکان چه مایه گریست
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بر آن کس که از تخمهٔ او بزیست
“The commander of the Turanians wept bitterly for those of his lineage who had perished,”
#18
ز بهر گرانمایه فرزند خویش
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بزرگان و خویشان و پیوند خویش
“For the sake of his precious children, his noble magnates, his kin, and his relatives.”
#19
خروشی بر آمد تو گفتی که ابر
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همی خون چکاند ز چشم هژبر
“A cry arose such that you would say the clouds were dripping blood from the eyes of lions.”
#20
همی بودش اندر بخارا درنگ
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همی خواست کایند شیران به جنگ
“He tarried for a while in Bukhara, desiring that his warlike lions might assemble for battle.”
#21
از آن پس چو گشت انجمن آنچه ماند
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بزرگان برتر منش را بخواند
“Thereafter, when those who remained had gathered, he summoned his high-minded nobles.”
#22
چو گشتند پر مایگان انجمن
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ز لشکر هر آن کس که بد رای زن
“When the grandees assembled, alongside all those of the host who were wise counselors,”
#23
زبان بر گشادند بر شهریار
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چو بیچاره شدشان دل از کارزار
“They opened their lips before the King, for their hearts were rendered helpless by the war:”
#24
که از لشکر ما بزرگان که بود
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گذشتند و ز ایشان دل ما شخود
“'Those who were the nobles of our army have passed away, and our hearts are flayed for them.'”
#25
همانا که از صد نماندست بیست
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بر آن رفتگان بر بباید گریست
“'Truly, out of a hundred, not twenty remain; one must weep bitterly over those who are gone.'”
#26
کنون ما دل از گنج و فرزند خویش
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گسستیم چندی ز پیوند خویش
“'Now for a time we have severed our hearts from our treasures, our children, and our kin.'”
#27
بدان روی جیحون یکی رزمگاه
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بکردیم زان پس که فرمود شاه
“'Beyond the Jayhun we fought a battle, as the King had commanded us.'”
#28
ز بی دانشی آنچه آمد به روی
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تو دانی که شاهی و ما چاره‌جوی
“'Thou knowest what befell us out of unwisdom; thou art the King, and we seek a remedy.'”
#29
گر ایدون که روشن بود رای شاه
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از ایدر به چاچ اندر آرد سپاه
“'If it be the clear counsel of the King, let him lead the army from here toward Chach.'”
#30
چو کیخسرو آید به کین خواستن
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بباید تو را لشکر آراستن
“'When Kay Khosrow comes seeking vengeance, thou must array thy host against him.'”
#31
چو شاه اندر این کار فرمان برد
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ز گلزریون نیز هم بگذرد
“'If the King obeys this command, he shall also pass beyond Golzarion,'”
#32
بباشد به آرام به بهشت گنگ
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که هم جای جنگست و جای درنگ
“'And abide in comfort in Paradise-Gang, which is both a site for battle and a fortress for retreat.'”
#33
بر این بر نهادند یکسر سخن
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کسی رای دیگر نیفگند بن
“Upon this counsel all agreed in harmony; none offered a contrary judgment.”
#34
برفتند یکسر به گلزریون
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همه دیده پر آب و دل پر ز خون
“They all departed toward Golzarion, their eyes filled with tears and their hearts full of blood.”
#35
به گلزریون شاه توران سه روز
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ببود و برآسود با باز و یوز
“At Golzarion the King of Turan remained three days, relaxing with falcons and hunting-cheetahs.”
#36
برفتند زان جایگه سوی گنگ
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به جایی نبودش فراوان درنگ
“From that place they marched toward Gang, tarrying long nowhere else along the way.”
#37
یکی جای بود آن به سان بهشت
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گلش مشک سارا بد و زر خشت
“It was a dwelling like unto paradise; its soil was pure musk and its bricks were of gold.”
#38
بدان جایگه شاد و خندان بخفت
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تو گفتی که با ایمنی گشت جفت
“In that sanctuary he slept joyful and smiling; you would say he had wedded safety itself.”
#39
سپه خواند از هر سوی بی‌کران
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بزرگان گردنکش و مهتران
“He summoned countless armies from every quarter, along with lofty nobles and chief magnates.”
#40
می و گلشن و بانگ چنگ و رباب
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گل و سنبل و رطل و افراسیاب
“Wine, rose gardens, the sound of harp and lute, roses, hyacinths, goblets—and Afrasiab.”
#41
همی بود تا بر چه گردد جهان
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بدین آشکارا چه دارد نهان
“He waited to see how the world would turn, and what fate held concealed behind the revealed.”
#42
چو کیخسرو آمد بر این روی آب
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از او دور شد خورد و آرام و خواب
“When Kay Khosrow reached this side of the river, food, rest, and sleep fled from Afrasiab.”
#43
سپه چون گذر کرد زان سوی رود
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فرستاد زان پس به هر کس درود
“When the Iranian army crossed from that side of the river, he thereafter sent greetings unto all,”
#44
کز این آمدن کس مدارید باک
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بخواهید ما را ز یزدان پاک
“Saying: 'Have no fear of this coming; ask our victory from pure God Almighty!'”
#45
گرانمایه گنجی به درویش داد
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کسی را کز او شاد بد بیش داد
“He bestowed a priceless treasure upon the needy, giving even more to whoever was gladdened by him.”
#46
وز آنجا بیامد سوی شهر سغد
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یکی نو جهان دید رسته ز چغد
“From there he proceeded toward the city of Sogd, beholding a world renewed, delivered from the owl of desolation.”
#47
ببخشید گنجی بر آن شهر نیز
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همی خواست کآباد گردد به چیز
“He bestowed vast treasures upon that city as well, desiring that it might flourish through his bounty.”
#48
به هر منزلی زینهاری سوار
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همی آمدندی بر شهریار
“At every stage along the journey, horsemen seeking quarter came before the King.”
#49
از آن پس چو آگاهی آمد به شاه
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ز گنگ و ز افراسیاب و سپاه
“Thereafter, when tidings reached the King regarding Gang, Afrasiab, and his massive army,”
#50
که آمد به نزدیک او گلگله
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ابا لشکری چون هژبر یله
“That Gulgula had arrived to join him, leading a force as fierce as unleashed lions,”
#51
که از تخم تورست پرکین و درد
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بجوید همی روزگار نبرد
“Born of the lineage of Tur, filled with hatred and angst, seeking only the day of war;”
#52
فرستاد بهری ز گردان به چاج
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که جوید همی تخت ترکان و تاج
“And that he had dispatched a division of warriors to Chaj, seeking to defend the throne and crown of the Turks;”
#53
سپاهی به سوی بیابان سترگ
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فرستاد سالار ایشان طورگ
“And sent another host toward the vast wilderness, appointing Turag as their commander;”
#54
پذیرفت ز این هر یکی جنگ شاه
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که بر نامداران ببندند راه
“Each of these hosts had pledged battle to the Turanian king to block the advance of the Iranian nobles.”
#55
جهاندار کیخسرو آن خوار داشت
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خرد را به اندیشه سالار داشت
“Yet the world-ruler Keykhosrow held those threats in contempt, keeping wisdom as the sovereign over his thoughts.”
#56
سپاهی که از بردع و اردبیل
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بیامد بفرمود تا خیل خیل
“He commanded the army that had gathered from Bardaa and Ardabil to assemble troop by troop,”
#57
بیایند و بر پیش او بگذرند
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رد و موبد و مرزبان بشمرند
“To advance and parade before him, while chieftains, priests, and march-wardens took their count.”
#58
برفتند و سالارشان گستهم
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که در جنگ شیران نبودی دژم
“They marched past under the command of Gustaham, whose spirit in combat with lions was never dismayed.”
#59
همان گفت تا لشکر نیمروز
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برفتند با رستم نیوسوز
“He likewise ordered the host of Nimruz to march forth alongside Rostam, the queller of foes.”
#60
بفرمود تا بر هیونان مست
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نشینند و گیرند اسبان به دست
“He bade them mount the powerful, swift dromedaries and lead their warhorses by the rein.”
#61
به سغد اندرون بود یک ماه شاه
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همه سغد شد شاه را نیک‌خواه
“For a full month the King remained in Sogd, until all of Sogd became well-wishers to his throne.”
#62
سپه را درم داد و آسوده کرد
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همی جست هنگام روز نبرد
“He distributed coin to the army and rested them, awaiting the opportune hour for the day of battle.”
#63
هر آن کس که بود از در کارزار
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بدانست نیرنگ و بند حصار
“Whosoever was skilled in the art of war and knew the stratagems and defenses of fortresses,”
#64
بیاورد و با خویشتن یار کرد
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سر بدکنش پر ز تیمار کرد
“He summoned and allied to himself, filling the heart of his malevolent foe with anguish.”
#65
وز آن جایگه گردن افراخته
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کمر بسته و جنگ را ساخته
“And from that place he departed with exalted pride, girding his loins and preparing for combat.”
#66
ز سغد کشانی سپه بر گرفت
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جهانی در او مانده اندر شگفت
“From Sogd of the Kushans he led his host, leaving the whole world spellbound in utter amaze.”
#67
خبر شد به ترکان که آمد سپاه
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جهانجوی کیخسرو کینه‌خواه
“News reached the Turks that the army had arrived, led by world-conquering Keykhosrow, intent on vengeance.”
#68
همه سوی دژها نهادند روی
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جهان شد پر از جنبش و گفت و گوی
“They all turned their faces toward the fortresses, and the world became filled with turmoil and clamor.”
#69
به لشکر چنین گفت پس شهریار
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که امروز به گونه شد کارزار
“Then the Sovereign spoke thus to his army: 'Today the nature of our warfare has changed.”
#70
ز ترکان هر آن کس که فرمان کند
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دل از جنگ جستن پشیمان کند
“Whosoever among the Turks submits and obeys, repenting in his heart of seeking strife,”
#71
مسازید جنگ و مریزید خون
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مباشید کس را به بد رهنمون
“Wage no war upon him, shed not his blood, and lead no man into evil ways!”
#72
وگر جنگ جوید کسی با سپاه
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دل کینه دارش نیاید به راه
“But if any man seeks war against our army, his vengeful heart refusing to walk the right path,”
#73
شما را حلال است خون ریختن
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به هر جای تاراج و آویختن
“It is lawful for you to spill his blood, to plunder his holdings, and to engage him anywhere.'”
#74
به ره بر خورشها مدارید تنگ
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مدارید کین و مسازید جنگ
“'Along the way, deny not provisions to the peaceful, harbor no malice, and initiate no strife.'”
#75
خروشی بر آمد ز پیش سپاه
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که گفتی بدرد همی چرخ و ماه
“A mighty shout arose from the front of the army, as though it would tear the very heavens and the moon.”
#76
سواران به دژها نهادند روی
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جهان شد پر از غلغل و گفتگوی
“The horsemen rode toward the fortresses, and the world echoed with sound and tumult.”
#77
هر آن کس که فرمان به جا آورید
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سپاه شهنشه بدو ننگرید
“Whosoever fulfilled the King's command, the imperial army cast no ill glance upon him.”
#78
هر آن کو برون شد ز فرمان شاه
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سرانشان بریدند یکسر سپاه
“But as for those who transgressed the royal order, the host severed their heads without exception.”
#79
ز ترکان کس از بیم افراسیاب
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لب تشنه نگذاشتندی بر آب
“Yet among the Turks, out of sheer dread of Afrasiab, none dared put their thirsty lips to water.”
#80
وگر باز ماندی کسی ز این سپاه
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تن بی سرش یافتندی به راه
“And if anyone fell behind from this army, his headless body would soon be found along the road.”
#81
دلیران به دژها نهادند روی
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به هر دژ که بودی یکی جنگجوی
“The brave warriors advanced toward every fortress where even a single defender remained.”
#82
شدی بارهٔ دژ هم آنگاه پست
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نماندی در و بام وجای نشست
“Instantly, the walls of the fortress were leveled, leaving neither gate, roof, nor dwelling place intact.”
#83
غلام و پرستنده و چارپای
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نماندی بد و نیک چیزی به جای
“Neither bondman, servant, nor livestock—nothing good or bad—was spared or left behind.”
#84
بر این گونه فرسنگ بر صد گذشت
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نه دژ ماند آباد جایی نه دشت
“In this manner, they swept through more than a hundred leagues, leaving no fortress or plain flourishing.”
#85
چو آورد لشکر به گلزریون
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به هر سو بگردید با رهنمون
“When he brought his army to Gulzarion, he rode in every direction alongside a knowledgeable guide.”
#86
جهان دید بر سان باغ بهار
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در و دشت و کوه و زمین پرنگار
“He beheld a world resembling a lush spring garden, its plains, mountains, and soil filled with vibrant colors.”
#87
همه کوه نخچیر و هامون درخت
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جهان از در مردم نیک بخت
“Every mountain teemed with game and every plain with trees—a realm truly fit for fortunate souls.”
#88
طلایه فرستاد و کارآگهان
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بدان تا نماند بدی در نهان
“He dispatched advance guards and scouts so that no hidden threat might remain in secret.”
#89
سراپردهٔ شهریار جهان
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کشیدند بر پیش آب روان
“They pitched the royal pavilion of the ruler of the world beside the flowing waters.”
#90
جهاندار بر تخت زرین نشست
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خود و نامداران خسروپرست
“The sovereign took his place upon the golden throne, flanked by his loyal and noble chieftains.”
#91
شبی کرد جشنی که تا روز پاک
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همی مرده برخاست از تیره خاک
“He held a glorious feast through the night until daybreak, so joyous that even the dead seemed to rise from the dark soil.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

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Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
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The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
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