🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
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Heroic Era (Kianian)

Mahmood

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118 distichs in this chapter
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The Triumph of Qaran over Jahan, Kay Khosrow's Prayer, and Afrasiab's Nightly Retreat
When the world-illuminating sun reared its head from Taurus and the lark's song echoed over the plain, war drums and brass trumpets sounded from both encampments of Iran and Turan. Jahan, son of Afrasiab, brought thirty thousand sword-wielding warriors onto the field. Seeing their vast lines, Kay Khosrow commanded Qaran of Kaveh's line to sweep down like an unyielding mountain from the center upon Jahan. To the right, Gostahm son of Nowzar charged like a whirlwind bearing the banner of battle. The heavens turned violet with the dust of horsemen, and the earth swelled with roaring champions.

A clash erupted so fierce that veteran warriors had never witnessed its equal. So many Turanians were cut down that the plains and gorges turned into a sea of blood. When dark night descended and the moon rested on the mountain's edge, Qaran stood victorious and brave Jahan was cast into disarray. The Iranians spent that entire night not in sleep or feast, but in sharpening weapons and arming for the coming dawn.

At the first light of dawn, Kay Khosrow, the righteous monarch of Iran, stepped away from behind the battle lines into solitude with a loyal attendant. Dismounting his steed, he pressed his face into the dark earth and wept before the Almighty: 'O Pure and Just Judge! Thou knowest the bitter days I have suffered under the tyranny of Afrasiab and the unavenged blood of my father. Thou art the guide to the oppressed—requite the evil-doer in his own blood!' Filled with divine radiance and vengeful resolve, he placed his blessed crown upon his head and returned roaring to the heart of the host.

Once more the roar of cow-horn trumpets and war-drums filled the air. Afrasiab and Jahan arrayed a fortress of war elephants with archer howdahs to bar the Iranian advance. Arrows rained down like hail from the elephant towers. Kay Khosrow dispatched his valiant commanders—Aveh, Samkanan, and Shammakh-e Suri—to reinforce the flanks, while Rostam, Zavareh, Goudarz, Zarasb, and Manushan held the wings beside the royal standard.

The battle reached a fever pitch where the ground became stiffened with blood under the horses' hooves. Amidst the carnage, the Shah of Ila (Astaqila) charged directly at Kay Khosrow, striking the king's waist with a heavy spear, but the royal armor held firm. Drawing his sharp blade, Kay Khosrow sliced the King of Ila completely in two. Seeing his monarch halved by a single stroke, Borz Ila fled in terror under the growing darkness, and the Turanian lines collapsed in panic. Afrasiab, beholding this ignominious defeat, chose night retreat over total destruction, fleeing toward the sands of Amuy while shouting desperate boasts of renewing the battle at sunrise.
#1
چو خورشید برزد سر از برج گاو
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ز هامون برآمد خروش چکاو
“When the sun raised its head from the constellation of Taurus, the cry of the lark arose over the plain.”
#2
تبیره برآمد ز هر دو سرای
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همان ناله بوق با کرنای
“Drums resounded from both encampments, along with the wail of trumpets and clarions.”
#3
ز گردان شمشیرزن سی هزار
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بیاورد جهن از در کارزار
“Jahan brought thirty thousand sword-wielding warriors into the field of battle.”
#4
چو خسرو بر آن گونه بر دیدشان
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بفرمود تا قارن کاویان
“When Khosrow beheld them in such array, he gave the command to Qaran of Kaveh's line.”
#5
ز قلب سپاه اندر آمد چو کوه
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از او گشت جهن دلاور ستوه
“From the heart of the army he came down like a mountain, causing brave Jahan to grow weary and distraught.”
#6
سوی راست گستهم نوذر چو گرد
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بیامد دمان با درفش نبرد
“To the right, Gostahm son of Nowzar arrived swiftly like dust, roaring with his war banner.”
#7
جهان شد ز گرد سواران بنفش
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زمین پر سپاه و هوا پر درفش
“The world turned violet from the dust of horsemen; the earth was filled with troops and the air with banners.”
#8
بجنبید خسرو ز قلب سپاه
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هم افراسیاب اندر آن رزمگاه
“Khosrow moved from the center of the host, as did Afrasiab in that battlefield.”
#9
بپیوست جنگی کزان سان نشان
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ندادند گردان گردنکشان
“A battle commenced such as proud champions had never seen the like of before.”
#10
بکشتند چندان ز توران سپاه
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که دریای خون گشت آوردگاه
“They slew so many of the Turanian army that the battlefield became a sea of blood.”
#11
چنین بود تا آسمان تیره گشت
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همان چشم جنگاوران خیره گشت
“Thus it continued until the sky grew dark, and the eyes of the warriors were blinded by fatigue.”
#12
چو پیروز شد قارن رزم زن
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به جهن دلیر اندر آمد شکن
“When war-loving Qaran emerged victorious, the heart of brave Jahan broke into despair.”
#13
چو بر دامن کوه بنشست ماه
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یلان بازگشتند ز آوردگاه
“When the moon sat upon the mountain’s edge, the champions returned from the field of battle.”
#14
از ایرانیان شاد شد شهریار
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که چیره شدند اندر آن کارزار
“The monarch rejoiced because of the Iranians, for they had prevailed in that fierce combat.”
#15
همه شب همی جنگ را ساختند
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به خواب و به خوردن نپرداختند
“All night they prepared for battle, giving no thought to sleep or food.”
#16
چو برزد سر از چنگ خرچنگ هور
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جهان شد پر از جنگ و آهنگ و شور
“As the sun raised its head from the claws of Cancer, the world filled with battle, fervor, and uproar.”
#17
سپاه دو لشکر کشیدند صف
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همه جنگ را بر لب آورده کف
“The armies of both sides drew up their ranks, foaming at the mouth in their eagerness for battle.”
#18
سپهدار ایران ز پشت سپاه
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بشد دور با کهتری نیک‌خواه
“The commander of Iran withdrew from behind the host, accompanied by a loyal and humble attendant.”
#19
چو لختی بیامد پیاده ببود
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جهان آفرین را فراوان ستود
“Having walked a short distance, he dismounted and offered abundant praise to the Creator of the World.”
#20
بمالید رخ را بر آن تیره خاک
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چنین گفت کای داور داد و پاک
“He rubbed his face upon the dark dust and prayed: 'O Just and Pure Judge!'”
#21
تو دانی کز او من ستم دیده‌ام
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بسی روز بد را پسندیده‌ام
“'Thou knowest that I have suffered tyranny from him, and have endured many a bitter day.'”
#22
مکافات کن بدکنش را به خون
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تو باشی ستم دیده را رهنمون
“'Requite the evil-doer in his own blood, for Thou art the guide to the oppressed.'”
#23
وز آن جایگه با دلی پر ز غم
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پر از کین سر از تخمه زادشم
“From that spot, with a heart laden with grief and filled with vengeance for the offspring of Zadasham,”
#24
بیامد خروشان به قلب سپاه
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به سر بر نهاد آن خجسته کلاه
“He returned shouting to the center of the host, placing that auspicious crown upon his head.”
#25
خروش آمد و نالهٔ گاودم
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دم نای رویین و رویینه خم
“Shouts arose with the roar of cow-horns, the sound of brass pipes and curved clarions.”
#26
وز آن روی لشکر به کردار کوه
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برفتند جوشان گروها گروه
“From the other side, the host moved forward like a mountain, boiling group by group.”
#27
سپاهی به کردار دریای آب
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به قلب اندرون جهن و افراسیاب
“An army like a vast sea of water, with Jahan and Afrasiab at its heart.”
#28
چو هر دو سپاه اندر آمد ز جای
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تو گفتی که دارد در و دشت پای
“When both armies surged forward, you would say neither mountain nor plain could hold their feet.”
#29
سیه شد ز گرد سپاه آفتاب
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ز پیکان الماس و پر عقاب
“The sun turned dark from the dust of the troops, the diamond arrowheads, and eagle feathers.”
#30
ز بس نالهٔ بوق و گرد سپاه
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ز بانگ سواران در آن رزمگاه
“From the wailing of trumpets, the thick dust, and the shouts of horsemen in that arena,”
#31
همی آب گشت آهن و کوه و سنگ
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به دریا نهنگ و به هامون پلنگ
“Iron, mountains, and stone seemed to melt; sea-monsters trembled in the waters and leopards on the plains.”
#32
زمین پر ز جوش و هوا پر خروش
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هژبر ژیان را بدرید گوش
“The earth boiled with movement and the air vibrated with roars, tearing the ears of the raging lions.”
#33
جهان سر به سر گفتی از آهن است
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وگر آسمان بر زمین دشمن است
“You would say the world from end to end was made of iron, or that heaven itself had turned hostile against earth.”
#34
به هر جای بر توده چون کوه کوه
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ز گردان ایران و توران گروه
“Everywhere lay mountain-like heaps of fallen warriors from the ranks of Iran and Turan.”
#35
همه ریگ ارمان سر و دست و پای
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زمین را همی دل برآمد ز جای
“All the sands of Arman were strewn with heads, hands, and feet; the very heart of the earth was displaced.”
#36
همه بوم شد زیر نعل اندرون
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چو کرباس آهار داده به خون
“All the soil beneath the hooves became like stiff canvas dyed crimson with blood.”
#37
وز آن پس دلیران افراسیاب
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برفتند بر سان کشتی بر آب
“Then the brave warriors of Afrasiab pressed forward like ships driving upon the waters.”
#38
به صندوق پیلان نهادند روی
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کجا ناوک‌انداز بود اندر اوی
“They made toward the howdahs atop the war elephants, where archers were stationed.”
#39
حصاری بد از پیل پیش سپاه
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برآورده بر قلب و بر بسته راه
“A fortress of elephants stood before the host, raised up at the center to block the path.”
#40
ز صندوق پیلان ببارید تیر
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برآمد خروشیدن دار و گیر
“From the elephant howdahs arrows rained down, and the roar of combat rose high.”
#41
برفتند گردان نیزه‌وران
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هم از قلب لشکر سپاهی گران
“Spear-bearing champions advanced, a formidable host from the heart of the army.”
#42
نگه کرد افراسیاب از دو میل
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بدان لشکر و جنگ صندوق و پیل
“Afrasiab looked from two miles away at that army, at the battle of howdahs and elephants.”
#43
همه ژنده پیلان و لشکر براند
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جهان تیره شد روشنایی نماند
“He drove forward all the giant elephants and troops; the world darkened and no light remained.”
#44
خروشید کای نامداران جنگ
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چه دارید بر خویش تن جای تنگ
“He shouted: 'O famous warriors of war, why do you constrain yourselves?'”
#45
ممانید بر پیش صندوق و پیل
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سپاهست بیکار بر چند میل
“'Do not remain halted before the elephant howdahs; the main host stands idle for miles!'”
#46
سوی میمنه میسره برکشید
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ز قلب و ز صندوق برتر کشید
“He extended the left wing toward the right, advancing beyond the center and the elephant-borne howdahs.”
#47
بفرمود تا جهن رزم آزمای
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رود با تگینان لشکر ز جای
“He commanded Jahana, the battle-tested champion, to move forth with the valiant officers of the army.”
#48
برد دو هزار آزموده سوار
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همه نیزه‌دار از در کارزار
“To lead two thousand battle-proven horsemen, all spear-bearing warriors fit for the fury of fight.”
#49
بر میسره شیر جنگی طبرد
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بشد تیز با نامداران گرد
“Upon the left flank, Tabard, that warlike lion, advanced swiftly alongside famous heroes.”
#50
چو کیخسرو آن رزم ترکان بدید
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که خورشید گشت از جهان ناپدید
“When Kay Khosrow beheld the battle-array of the Turks, which hid the sun from the world in dust,”
#51
سوی آوه و سمکنان کرد روی
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که بودند شیران پرخاشجوی
“He turned to Aveh and Samkanan, who were combative, fierce lions of war,”
#52
بفرمود تا بر سوی میسره
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بتابند چون آفتاب از بره
“And bade them turn toward the left wing, radiant as the sun rising in Aries.”
#53
برفتند با نامور ده هزار
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زره‌دار با گُرزهٔ گاوسار
“They marched forth with ten thousand famed warriors, all coat-of-mailed and wielding ox-headed maces.”
#54
به شماخ سوری بفرمود شاه
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که از نامداران ایران سپاه
“The king then commanded Shammakh of Sur to choose from among Iran's glorious host,”
#55
گزین کن ز جنگ آوران ده‌هزار
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سواران گرد از در کارزار
“Ten thousand chosen combatants, valiant horsemen suited for the pitch of battle.”
#56
میان دو صف تیغها بر کشید
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مبینید کس را سر اندر کشید
“"Unsheathe your swords between the two ranks, and let no man shrink his head in fear!"”
#57
دو لشکر بر این سان بر آویختند
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چنان شد که گفتی برآمیختند
“Thus the two armies clashed together, mingling so fiercely they seemed as one.”
#58
چکاچاک برخاست از هر دو روی
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ز پرخاش خون اندر آمد به جوی
“The clatter of weapons echoed from both sides, and from the fury of battle, blood flowed in streams.”
#59
چو برخاست گرد از چپ و دست راست
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جهاندار خفتان رومی بخواست
“When dust billowed from left and right, the ruler of the world called for his Roman mail.”
#60
به یک سو کشیدند صندوق پیل
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جهان شد به کردار دریای نیل
“They drew the elephant-howdahs to one side, while the world turned dark like the swollen River Nile.”
#61
بجنبید با رستم از قلبگاه
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منوشان خوزان لشکر پناه
“From the center advanced Manushan of Khuz, the shelter of the host, alongside Rostam.”
#62
برآمد خروشیدن بوق و کوس
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به یک دست خسرو سپهدار طوس
“The sound of clarions and drums resounded, while Tus the commander stood at one hand of Khosrow.”
#63
بیاراسته کاویانی درفش
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همه پهلوانان زرینه کفش
“The Kavian banner was unfurled in splendor, surrounded by paladins in golden boots.”
#64
به درد دل از جای برخاستند
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چپ شاه لشکر بیاراستند
“With grieved and vengeful hearts they arose, arraying the king's host upon the left.”
#65
سوی راستش رستم کینه جوی
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زواره برادرش بنهاد روی
“Upon his right stood vengeance-seeking Rostam, and beside him his brother Zourareh.”
#66
جهاندیده گودرز کشوادگان
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بزرگان بسیار و آزادگان
“Battle-tested Goudarz, son of Kashvad, alongside many chieftains and noblemen,”
#67
ببودند بر دست رستم به پای
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زرسب و منوشان فرخنده رای
“Stood ready by Rostam's side, as did Zarasb and wise Manushan.”
#68
برآمد ز آوردگاه گیر و دار
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ندیدند ز آنگونه کس کارزار
“A tremendous roar of strife arose from the battleground; none had ever seen such warfare.”
#69
همه ریگ پر خسته و کشته بود
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کسی را کجا روز برگشته بود
“All the sands were covered with wounded and slain, wherever fortune had turned against a warrior.”
#70
ز بس کشته بر دشت آوردگاه
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همی راندند اسب بر کشته گاه
“So thick lay the fallen upon the field of battle that chargers were driven over corpses.”
#71
بیابان به کردار جیحون ز خون
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یکی بی سر و دیگری سرنگون
“The desert ran red with blood like the River Jayhun, strewn with headless torsos and fallen men.”
#72
خروش سواران و اسبان ز دشت
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ز بانگ تبیره همی برگذشت
“The cries of horsemen and the neighing of steeds from the field drowned out the thunder of drums.”
#73
دل کوه گفتی بدرد همی
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زمین با سواران بپرد همی
“You would say the heart of the mountain was rending, and the earth itself flew with the riders.”
#74
سر بی تنان و تن بی سران
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چرنگیدن گُرزهای گران
“Heads without bodies and bodies without heads, amidst the relentless clashing of heavy maces.”
#75
درخشیدن خنجر و تیغ تیز
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همی جست خورشید راه گریز
“So brightly flashed the daggers and sharp blades that even the sun seemed seeking a route to flee.”
#76
به دست منوچهر بر میمنه
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کهیلا که صد شیر بد یک تنه
“On the right wing, Kahila—who alone equaled a hundred lions—was slain by Manuchehr's hand.”
#77
جرنجاش بر میسره شد تباه
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به دست فریبرز کاووس شاه
“On the left wing, Jaranjash was laid waste by Fariburz, son of King Kay Kavus.”
#78
یکی باد و ابری سوی نیمروز
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برآمد رخ هور گیتی فروز
“A dark wind and cloud arose from the south, veiling the face of the world-illuminating sun.”
#79
تو گفتی که ابری برآمد سیاه
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ببارید خون اندر آوردگاه
“You would say a pitch-black cloud had gathered, raining torrents of blood upon the battlefield.”
#80
بپوشید و روی زمین تیره گشت
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همی دیده از تیرگی خیره گشت
“It shrouded all, and the face of the earth grew dark, until eyes were dazzled by the gloom.”
#81
بدآنگه که شد چشمه سوی نشیب
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دل شاه ترکان بجست از نهیب
“As the sun's glowing spring sank toward the west, terror struck the heart of the King of Turan.”
#82
ز جوش سواران هر کشوری
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ز هر مرز و هر بوم و هر مهتری
“From the wild uproar of horsemen from every realm, from every border, land, and commander.”
#83
سواران شمشیر زن سی هزار
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گزیده سوارن خنجر گزار
“Thirty thousand sword-wielding horsemen, elite cavalry adept with the dagger.”
#84
دگرگونه جوشن دگرگون درفش
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جهانی شده سرخ و زرد و بنفش
“With armors of varied steel and diverse banners, the whole world turned red, yellow, and violet.”
#85
نگه کرد گرسیوز از پشت شاه
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به جنگ اندر آورد یکسر سپاه
“Garsivaz looked on from behind the king, and mobilized the entire army into battle.”
#86
سپاهی فرستاد بر میمنه
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گرانمایگان یک‌دل و یک تنه
“He dispatched a host unto the right wing, noble warriors, single of heart and mind.”
#87
سوی میسره همچنین لشکری
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پراگنده بر هر سویی مهتری
“Likewise an army to the left wing, with chieftains deployed in every direction.”
#88
سواران جنگاوران سی هزار
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گزیده همه از در کارزار
“Thirty thousand battle-tested horsemen, all chosen for the harshness of war.”
#89
چو گرسیوز از پشت لشکر برفت
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به پیش برادر خرامید تفت
“When Garsivaz departed from the rear of the host, he swiftly hastened to his brother's side.”
#90
برادر چو روی برادر بدید
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به نیرو شد و لشکر اندر کشید
“Beholding his brother's face, the King took heart and drew his army forward into battle.”
#91
برآمد ز لشکر ده و دار و گیر
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بپوشید روی هوا را به تیر
“Clamour and shouts of battle arose from the host, as a flight of arrows veiled the sky.”
#92
چو خورشید را پشت باریک شد
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ز دیدار شب روز تاریک شد
“As the sun's bright spine grew faint, the day grew dark with the approach of night.”
#93
فریبنده گرسیوز پهلوان
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بیامد به پیش برادر نوان
“The cunning paladin Garsivaz came lamenting before his brother.”
#94
که اکنون ز گردان که جوید نبرد
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زمین پر ز خون آسمان پر ز گرد
“He said, "Which hero can now seek battle, when the earth bleeds and the sky is filled with dust?"”
#95
سپه بازکش چون شب آمد مکوش
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که اکنون برآید ز ترکان خروش
“"Withdraw the host, for night has arrived; fight no more, lest a cry of lament rise from the Turanians."”
#96
تو در جنگ باشی سپه در گریز
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مکن با تن خویش چندین ستیز
“"Should you remain in battle while the army flees? Do not fight so obstinately against your own fate."”
#97
دل شاه ترکان پر از خشم و جوش
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ز تندی نبودش به گفتار گوش
“The heart of Turan's king boiled with rage; in his fury, he gave no ear to these words.”
#98
برانگیخت اسب از میان سپاه
✦
بیامد دمان با درفش سیاه
“Spurring his steed from the midst of the troops, he charged furiously beneath his black banner.”
#99
از ایرانیان چند نامی بکشت
✦
چو خسرو بدید اندر آمد به پشت
“He slew several famous heroes of Iran; seeing this, Khusrow charged up behind him.”
#100
دو شاه دو کشور چنین کینه دار
✦
برفتند با خوار مایه سوار
“Thus the two vengeful kings of two realms advanced, accompanied by only a few riders.”
#101
ندیدند گرسیوز و جهن روی
✦
که او پیش خسرو شود رزمجوی
“Garsivaz and Jahan deemed it ill that their king should face Khusrow in battle.”
#102
عنانش گرفتند و بر تافتند
✦
سوی ریگ آموی بشتافتند
“Seizing his reins, they turned him back and fled swiftly toward the sands of the Amuy.”
#103
چون او بازگشت استقیلا چو گرد
✦
بیامد که با شاه جوید نبرد
“When he turned back, Astaqila rode swift as dust to seek battle with the King.”
#104
دمان شاه ایلا به پیش سپاه
✦
یکی نیزه زد بر کمرگاه شاه
“Charging at the head of the host, the King of Ila struck a spear right at the Shah's waist.”
#105
نبد کارگر نیزه بر جوشنش
✦
نه ترس آمد اندر دل روشنش
“The spear could not pierce his mail coat, nor did fear touch his radiant heart.”
#106
چو خسرو دل و زور او را بدید
✦
سبک تیغ تیز از میان برکشید
“When Khusrow perceived his strength and courage, he swiftly drew his sharp sword from its sheath.”
#107
بزد بر میانش بدو نیم کرد
✦
دل برز ایلا پر از بیم کرد
“He struck him through the waist, cleaving him in twain, filling the heart of Barz Ila with terror.”
#108
سبک برز ایلا چو آن زخم شاه
✦
بدید آن دل و زور و آن دستگاه
“As soon as Barz Ila witnessed the King's stroke, his mighty strength, and royal power—”
#109
به تاریکی اندر گریزان برفت
✦
همی پوست بر تنش گفتی بکفت
“He fled into the darkness, his skin nearly bursting with fear upon his body.”
#110
سپه چون بدیدند ز او دستبرد
✦
به آوردگه بر نماند ایچ گرد
“When the army witnessed Khusrow's prowess, not a single warrior remained on the battlefield.”
#111
بر افراسیاب آن سخن مرگ بود
✦
کجا پشت خود را بدیشان نمود
“To Afrasiab, turning his back upon the foe was bitterer than death itself.”
#112
ز تورانیان او چو آگاه شد
✦
تو گفتی بر او روز کوتاه شد
“When he realized the rout of the Turanians, you would say the daylight of his fortune had closed.”
#113
چو آوردگه خوار بگذاشتند
✦
بفرمود تا بانگ برداشتند
“As they abandoned the battlefield in chaos, he ordered the horns of retreat to sound.”
#114
که این شیر مردی ز زنگ شب است
✦
مرا باز گشتن ز تنگ شب است
“Saying, "This valor is born of the darkness of night; my retreat is forced by the shadow's constriction."”
#115
گر ایدون که امروز یکبار باد
✦
ترا جست و شادی ترا در گشاد
“"If today fortune favored you like the wind and opened the doors of joy unto you—"”
#116
چو روشن کند روز روی زمین
✦
درفش دل افروز ما را ببین
“When dawn illumines all the face of earth, behold our heart-exalting banner bright!”
#117
همه روی ایران چو دریا کنیم
✦
ز خورشید تابان ثریا کنیم
“We shall transform all Iran into a surging sea of troops, and reach from the radiant sun unto the Pleiades!”
#118
دو شاه و دو کشور چنان رزمساز
✦
به لشکرگه خویش رفتند باز
“The two sovereigns and two realms, thus eager for battle, returned to their respective army camps.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
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