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Heroic Era (Kianian)

12rokh

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85 distichs in this chapter
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The Fourfold Host: Kay Khosrow’s Mobilization and the Dispatch of Armies Against Turan
Darkness from an ancient grudge once again cast its bitter shadow over the borders of Turan. Envoys arrived at the royal court of the victorious King Kay Khosrow with dire tidings: Afrasiab, the villainous and malevolent ruler of Turan, bound by relentless vengeance, had raised a colossal host and dispatched forces from every quarter. The Turanian lancers had tipped their blades with poison, and nearly three hundred thousand horsemen stood assembled by the banks of the Oxus River, ready to shake the bedrock of Iran beneath their iron hooves. Afrasiab had entrusted his outer borders to the veteran commander Piran, while sending fifty thousand fierce warriors under the command of his own lion-hearted son, Shideh, toward the marches of Khwarazm—an army so dread that even mountains seemed to crumble before their tread.

Upon hearing these dispatches, Shah Kay Khosrow sat in deep contemplation. He summoned his wise mobads and astrologers, who recalled the celestial prophecies: though the moon of the Turks might rise high, it was destined to be eclipsed by the triumphant sun of Iran. The Shah then convened a sacred council of his greatest paladins—Zal son of Sam, Goudarz, Gie, Tous, Rostam, Fariborz, Bizhan, Zangeh, Gostahm, and all the noble champions of the realm. Kay Khosrow warned them that as the enemy had bared their talons, Iran must mobilize its ultimate might.

By royal decree, the brass horns, trumpets, and war drums echoed through the capitals. The King marched to the grand parade, and golden thrones were bound atop war elephants. Decrees were dispatched across the empire: any champion who failed to report to the Shah within forty days would forfeit his rank and glory. Within two weeks, the entire realm seethed with martial vigor. Warriors poured in from Rome, India, and the Arab plains. The ancient royal vaults were opened, and Kay Khosrow showered gold, jewels, and rich armaments upon his host until every knight stood clad in mail like an invincible mountain.

With preparations complete, Kay Khosrow divided his forces into four great grand hosts. The first legion of thirty thousand chosen swordsmen was entrusted to Rostam, tasked with marching through Sistan, India, Ghaznin, Kashmir, and Kabul to fortify Faramarz’s rule and secure the eastern borders. The second army was given to Prince Lohrasp of royal lineage, charged with sweeping toward the Alans and Ghazdagh. The third legion of thirty thousand savage lancers was granted to Ashkash, dispatched toward Khwarazm to confront the vengeful Shideh.

The fourth host—the main iron shield of Iran—was placed under the command of the venerable Goudarz son of Kashvad. Arrayed beneath his banner were Iran's noble heroes: Giv, Bizhan, Rohham, Gorgin, Zangeh, Gostahm, Fariborz, and Zovareh. Before their departure, Kay Khosrow bestowed profound ethical counsel upon Goudarz: he bade him never stretch forth his hand in injustice, nor lay waste to prosperous dwellings. He commanded him to deal charitably with non-combatants, to keep the Almighty in mind, and to send a wise, eloquent envoy to Piran to seek a peaceful resolution before resorting to war. Goudarz accepted the sacred charge with solemn reverence, mounted his golden throne atop a massive war elephant, and led the main host of Iran toward the Turanian frontier amidst a thundering storm of trumpets and rising war-dust.
#1
پس آگاهی آمد به پیروز شاه
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که آمد ز توران به ایران سپاه
“Then dispatches came to the victorious king that an army had set out from Turan toward Iran.”
#2
جفاپیشه بدگوهر افراسیاب
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ز کینه نیابد شب و روز خواب
“The malicious and evil-natured Afrasiab could find no rest in sleep, night or day, for his bitter grudge.”
#3
برآورد خواهد همی سر ز ننگ
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ز هر سو فرستاد لشکر بجنگ
“Seeking to wipe away his shame, he dispatched armies into battle from every direction.”
#4
همی زهر ساید به نوک سنان
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که تابد مگر سوی ایران عنان
“He ground venom onto the spear-tips, hoping to turn the reins of war toward Iran.”
#5
سواران جنگی چو سیصد هزار
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به جیحون همی کرد خواهد گذار
“A vast host of three hundred thousand warrior horsemen was preparing to cross the Oxus River.”
#6
سپاهی که هنگام ننگ و نبرد
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ز جیحون به گردون برآورد گرد
“An army that, in times of war and combat, would raise dust from the Oxus up to the heavens.”
#7
دلیران به درگاه افراسیاب
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ز بانگ تبیره نیابند خواب
“The brave warriors at Afrasiab's court could not sleep for the booming thunder of the war drums.”
#8
ز آوای شیپور و زخم درای
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تو گویی برآید همی دل ز جای
“From the blare of trumpets and the clangor of bells, you would say hearts were torn from their places.”
#9
گر آید به ایران به جنگ آن سپاه
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هژبر دلاور نیاید به راه
“If that host were to invade Iran, even the brave lion would hesitate to block their path.”
#10
سر مرز توران به پیران سپرد
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سپاهی فرستاد با او نه خرد
“Afrasiab entrusted the frontier of Turan to Piran, and provided him with no small force.”
#11
سوی مرز خوارزم پنجه هزار
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کمربسته رفت از در کارزار
“Toward the borders of Khwarazm, fifty thousand mail-clad horsemen marched ready for battle.”
#12
سپهدارشان شیدهٔ شیر دل
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کز آتش ستاند به شمشیر دل
“Their commander was lion-hearted Shideh, who could rip courage from fire with his blade.”
#13
سپاهی به کردار پیلان مست
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که با جنگ ایشان شود کوه پست
“An army like furious elephants, whose assault would level the highest mountains.”
#14
چو بشنید گفتار کاراگهان
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پراندیشه بنشست شاه جهان
“When the King of the World heard the reports of his scouts, he sat immersed in deep counsel.”
#15
به کاراگهان گفت کای بخردان
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من ایدون شنیدستم از موبدان
“He said to his intelligence counselors: 'O wise ones, I have heard from the mobads...'”
#16
که چون ماه ترکان برآید بلند
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ز خورشید ایرانش آید گزند
“'That when the moon of the Turks rises high, it shall suffer blight from the sun of Iran.'”
#17
سیه مار کو را سر آید بکوب
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ز سوراخ پیچان شود سوی چوب
“'The black serpent whose time has come to be crushed slithers out of its hole toward the wooden club.'”
#18
چو خسرو به بیداد کارد درخت
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بگردد بر او پادشاهی و تخت
“'When a sovereign plants a tree of injustice, his throne and kingdom will surely turn against him.'”
#19
همه موبدان را بر خویش خواند
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شنیده سخن پیش ایشان براند
“He summoned all the mobads to his presence and recounted before them what he had heard.”
#20
نشستند با شاه ایران به راز
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بزرگان فرزانه و رزم ساز
“The wise elders and war-seasoned chieftains sat in secret council with the King of Iran.”
#21
چو دستان سام و چو گودرز و گیو
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چو شیدوش و فرهاد و رهام نیو
“Like Dastan son of Sam, Goudarz, Giv, Shidoush, Farhad, and valiant Rohham;”
#22
چو طوس و چو رستم یل پهلوان
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فریبرز و شاپور شیر دمان
“Like Tous, heroic Rostam, Fariborz, and Shapur, the fierce lions of battle;”
#23
دگر بیژن گیو با گستهم
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چو گرگین و چون زنگه و گژدهم
“Also Bizhan son of Giv, Gostahm, Gorgin, Zangeh, and Gozhdaham;”
#24
جز این نامداران لشکر همه
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که بودند شاه جهان را رمه
“Besides these, all the famed leaders of the host, who were as a flock to the King of the World.”
#25
ابا پهلوانان چنین گفت شاه
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که ترکان همی رزم جویند و گاه
“The King spoke thus to the paladins: 'The Turks seek war and are striving for our realm.'”
#26
چو دشمن سپه کرد و شد تیز چنگ
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بباید بسیچید ما را به جنگ
“'Since the enemy has raised an army and sharpened their claws, we too must mobilize for war.'”
#27
بفرمود تا بوق با گاودم
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دمیدند و بستند رویینه خم
“He commanded the horns and cow-mouthed trumpets to sound, and the brass drums to be bound.”
#28
از ایوان به میدان خرامید شاه
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بیاراستند از بر پیل گاه
“The Shah stepped from the palace into the parade square, where a royal throne was set atop a mighty elephant.”
#29
بزد مهره در جام بر پشت پیل
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زمین را تو گفتی براندود نیل
“He struck the signal-ball into the goblet upon the elephant's back; you would say the earth was painted in indigo.”
#30
هوا نیلگون شد زمین رنگ رنگ
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دلیران لشکر به سان پلنگ
“The sky turned dark as indigo and the earth took vibrant hues; the warriors of the army were like leopards.”
#31
به چنگ اندرون گرز و دل پر ز کین
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ز گردان چو دریای جوشان زمین
“Maces in hand and hearts full of vengeance, the earth boiled with warriors like a roaring sea.”
#32
خروشی برآمد ز درگاه شاه
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که ای پهلوانان ایران سپاه
“A shout arose from the royal court: 'O paladins of the Iranian army!'”
#33
کسی کو بساید عنان و رکیب
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نباید که یابد به خانه شکیب
“'Whoever tightens his reins and stirrups must not tarry at home in ease!'”
#34
بفرمود کز روم وز هندوان
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سواران جنگی گزیده گوان
“He commanded that from Rome and India, choice warrior horsemen and valiant heroes be gathered;”
#35
دلیران گردنکش از تازیان
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بسیچیدهٔ جنگ شیر ژیان
“Proud champions from the Arab lands, prepared for battle like raging lions;”
#36
کمربسته خواهند سیصد هزار
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ز دشت سواران نیزه گزار
“Three hundred thousand spear-wielding horsemen were summoned from the plains of warriors.”
#37
هر آن کو چهل روزه را نزد شاه
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نیاید نبیند به سر بر کلاه
“'Whoever fails to present himself before the King within forty days shall lose his crown and head.'”
#38
پراگنده بر گرد کشور سوار
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فرستاده با نامه شهریار
“Messengers were dispatched with the sovereign's letters, scattering across all regions of the realm.”
#39
دو هفته برآمد به فرمان شاه
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بجنبید در پادشاهی سپاه
“Within two weeks, by the Shah's command, the armies across the kingdom began to move.”
#40
ز لشکر همه کشور آمد به جوش
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ز گیتی بر آمد سراسر خروش
“The whole country seethed with troops, and a grand roar rose throughout the world.”
#41
به شبگیر ، گاه خروش خروس
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ز هر سوی برخاست آوای کوس
“At dawn, when the rooster crowed, the sound of war drums rose from every quarter.”
#42
بزرگان هر کشوری با سپاه
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نهادند سر سوی درگاه شاه
“The leaders of every land turned their heads toward the court of the Shah with their hosts.”
#43
در گنجهای کهن باز کرد
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سپه را درم دادن آغاز کرد
“He opened the ancient treasuries and began bestowing wealth upon the army.”
#44
همه لشکر از گنج و دینار شاه
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به سر بر نهادند گوهر کلاه
“From the Shah's treasure and coin, all the soldiers placed jeweled helmets upon their heads.”
#45
به برگستوان و به جوشن چو کوه
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شدند انجمن لشکری همگروه
“Arrayed in bards and chainmail like mountains, the forces assembled into massive legions.”
#46
چو شد کار لشکر همه ساخته
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وز ایشان دل شاه پرداخته
“When the arraying of the army was fully complete, and the King's mind was relieved of care concerning them,”
#47
نخستین از آن لشکر نامدار
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سواران شمشیر زن سی هزار
“First from that renowned army, thirty thousand sword-wielding cavalrymen,”
#48
گزین کرد خسرو به رستم سپرد
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بدو گفت کای نامبردار گرد
“King Khosrow selected and entrusted to Rostam, saying to him: 'O famous hero,”
#49
ره سیستان گیر و برکش پگاه
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به هندوستان اندر آور سپاه
“Take the road to Sistan and march at dawn, and lead your army into Hindustan.”
#50
ز غزنین برو تا به راه برین
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چو گردد ترا تاج و تخت و نگین
“Go from Ghaznin unto the upper route, until the crown, throne, and signet ring become yours;”
#51
چو آن پادشاهی شود یکسره
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به آبشخور آید پلنگ و بره
“When that kingdom is brought entirely to peace, such that the leopard and the lamb drink together at the watering place,”
#52
فرامرز را ده کلاه و نگین
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کسی کو بخواهد ز لشکر گزین
“Give the crown and signet ring to Faramarz, alongside whichever chosen warriors he desires from the army;”
#53
بزن کوس رویین و شیپور و نای
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به کشمیر و کابل فزون زین مپای
“Beat the brass drums, sound the trumpets and pipes, and linger no longer in Kashmir and Kabul.”
#54
که ما را سر از جنگ افراسیاب
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نیابد همی خورد و آرام و خواب
“For our head, consumed with war against Afrasiab, finds no food, rest, or sleep.'”
#55
الانان و غزدژ به لهراسب داد
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بدو گفت کای گرد خسرو نژاد
“He gave Alanan and Ghaz-Dezh to Lohrasp, and said to him: 'O hero of royal lineage,”
#56
برو با سپاهی به کردار کوه
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گزین کن ز گردان لشکر گروه
“Go with a mountain-like army, and select a band of heroes from the troops;”
#57
سواران شایستهٔ کارزار
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ببر تا برآری ز دشمن دمار
“Take warriors worthy of battle, so that you may utterly destroy the enemy.'”
#58
به اشکش بفرمود تا سی هزار
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دمنده هژبران نیزه گزار
“He commanded Ashkash to take thirty thousand spear-wielding, roaring lions,”
#59
برد سوی خوارزم کوس بزرگ
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سپاهی به کردار درنده گرگ
“To lead the great drums toward Khwarazm, with an army ferocious as ravening wolves,”
#60
زند بر در شهر خوارزم گاه
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ابا شیدهٔ رزم زن کینه خواه
“And to set up camp at the gates of Khwarazm against Shedeh, the vengeful warrior.”
#61
سپاه چهارم به گودرز داد
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چه مایه ورا پند و اندرز داد
“The fourth army he gave to Goudarz, bestowing upon him a wealth of counsel and wise advice,”
#62
که رو با بزرگان ایران به هم
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چو گرگین و چون زنگه و گستهم
“Saying: 'Go together with the magnates of Iran, such as Gorgin, Zangeh, and Gostahm,”
#63
زواره فریبرز و فرهاد و گیو
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گرازه سپهدار و رهام نیو
“Zouarah, Fariburz, Farhad, and Giv, Gorazeh the commander, and the valiant Rohham.”
#64
بفرمود بستن کمرشان به جنگ
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سوی رزم توران شدن بی درنگ
“He ordered them to gird their loins for battle and to march toward Turan without delay.”
#65
سپهدار گودرز کشوادگان
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همه پهلوانان و آزادگان
“The chieftain Goudarz, son of Kashvad, along with all the noble paladins and free-born lords,”
#66
نشستند بر زین به فرمان شاه
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سپهدار گودرز پیش سپاه
“Mounted their saddles at the King's command, with commander Goudarz riding at the head of the army.”
#67
به گودرز فرمود پس شهریار
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چو رفتی کمر بستهٔ کارزار
“Then the sovereign commanded Goudarz: 'When you depart, girded for war,”
#68
نگر تا نیازی به بیداد دست
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نگردانی ایوان آباد پست
“See that you stretch not your hand in injustice, nor raze prosperous halls to the ground.”
#69
کسی کو به جنگت نبندد میان
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چنان ساز کش از تو ناید زیان
“Toward anyone who does not gird himself to fight against you, act in such wise that no harm comes to him from you.”
#70
که نپسندد از ما بدی دادگر
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سپنجست گیتی و ما برگذر
“For the Just Lord approves no evil from us; this world is transitory, and we are but passing through.”
#71
چو لشکر سوی مرز توران بری
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مکن تیز دل را به آتش سری
“When you lead the army toward the borders of Turan, do not let your heart grow hot with fiery rashness.”
#72
نگر تا نجوشی به کردار طوس
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نبندی به هر کار بر پیل کوس
“Beware lest you boil with fury like Tous, nor mount the war-drums on elephants at every provocation.”
#73
جهاندیده‌ای سوی پیران فرست
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هشیوار ، وز یادگیران فرست
“Send a wise and seasoned emissary to Piran—one who is prudent and swift to comprehend;”
#74
به پند فراوانش بگشای گوش
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بر او چادر مهربانی بپوش
“Open his ears with abundant counsel, and drape over him the mantle of kindness.”
#75
به هر کار با هر کسی داد کن
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ز یزدان نیکی دهش یاد کن
“In every affair, act justly with all people, and keep in mind the God who bestows all goodness.'”
#76
چنین گفت سالار لشکر به شاه
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که فرمان تو برتر از شید و ماه
“Thus said the commander of the army to the King: 'Your command is higher than the sun and moon!”
#77
بدان سان شوم کم تو فرمان دهی
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تو شاه جهانداری و من رهی
“I shall proceed precisely as you command; you are the sovereign ruler of the world, and I am your servant.'”
#78
برآمد خروش از در پهلوان
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ز بانگ تبیره زمین شد نوان
“A great roar arose from the hero's threshold, and from the thunder of war-drums the earth trembled.”
#79
به لشکرگه آمد دمادم سپاه
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جهان شد ز گرد سواران سیاه
“Troop after troop of soldiers streamed into the camp, and the world grew dark with the dust of the horsemen.”
#80
به پیش سپاه اندرون پیل ، شست
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جهان پست گشته ز پیلان مست
“At the head of the vanguard marched sixty war-elephants, and the earth groaned low under the tread of those drunken beasts.”
#81
وزان ژنده پیلان جنگی چهار
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بیاراسته از در شهریار
“And four fierce war-elephants were arrayed, adorned in a manner worthy of the monarch.”
#82
نهادند بر پشتشان تخت زر
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نشستنگه شاه با زیب و فر
“Upon their backs they placed thrones of gold, fit for a sovereign's seat with beauty and splendor.”
#83
به گودرز فرمود تا بر نشست
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بر آن تخت زر ، از بر پیل مست
“He commanded Goudarz to mount and take his place upon that golden throne atop the furious elephant.”
#84
برانگیخت پیلان و برخاست گرد
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مر آن را به نیک اختری یاد کرد
“He spurred the elephants into motion and dust billowed up; he deemed it an omen of happy stars.”
#85
که از جان پیران برآریم دود
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بر آن سان که گرد پی پیل بود
“"Thus shall we raise smoke from Piran's soul, even as the dust rises from beneath the elephant's tread!"”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
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