🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
✦
✦
✦
✦
Heroic Era (Kianian)

Sohrab

❖
112 distichs in this chapter
Click any distich to open the interactive annotation drawer.
Surveying the Iranian Host from the Heights and the Concealment of Rostam's Identity
As the sun cast its golden lasso across the lofty vault of heaven and the eastern sky blazed with light, the valiant Sohrab donned his mail of war and mounted his iron-grey steed. With an Indian blade in his grasp, a royal helmet upon his head, and a coiled lasso at his saddle-bow, he ascended a commanding height to gaze down upon the vast Iranian encampment. Bringing forth his captive Hajir, Sohrab warned him that an arrow shot crookedly never hits its mark, vowing that absolute truth would bring him liberty and immense riches, whereas falsehood would forfeit his head.

Hajir pledged to reveal the host truthfully. Sohrab began questioning him banner by banner. He pointed first to the magnificent seven-colored pavilion guarded by a hundred armored elephants; Hajir identified it as the royal seat of King Kay Kavus. Next, Sohrab noted the black tent on the right flank fronted by an elephant-emblazoned standard, which Hajir named as Tus, son of Nowzar. Of the red pavilion bearing a golden lion banner, Hajir spoke the name of the majestic Goudarz, son of Kashvad.

Then Sohrab's eyes fell upon a lush green pavilion surrounded by a boundless host. Before it stood the glorious Kiani standard, and upon an elevated throne sat a titan of a hero—a cubit taller than any warrior standing before him—beside a mighty charger whose coiled lasso reached the ground, beneath a banner depicting a fearsome dragon crested by a golden lion. Sohrab's heart throbbed, recognizing every sign of his father Rostam described by his mother Tahmineh. Yet when he pressed Hajir for the champion's name, Hajir reasoned within his soul: 'If I reveal the World-Champion to this Turkish youth of incredible power, Rostam might fall by his hand, leaving Iran defense-less and Kay Kavus dethroned. Better that I die honorably than live to see my nation destroyed.' Thus, Hajir concealed the truth, claiming the giant was merely a newly arrived lord from China whose name he did not recall.

Sohrab's spirit sank into deep melancholy at finding no trace of his father. Though Hajir went on to identify the wolf-banner of Gev, the silk pavilion of Fariburz, and the boar-banner of Goraz, Sohrab returned again and again to the green pavilion. Even when threatened with execution, Hajir stood firm in his deception, asserting that Rostam was far away feasting in the rose gardens of Zabulistan. Scornful of Hajir's claims and burning with unanswered longing, Sohrab prepared himself to descend into the arena of fate.
#1
چو افگند خور سوی بالا کمند
✦
زبانه برآمد ز چرخ بلند
“When the sun cast its golden lasso into the high vault, a flame ascended from the lofty sky.”
#2
بپوشید سهراب خفتان جنگ
✦
نشست از بر چرمهٔ سنگ رنگ
“Sohrab put on his coat of war-mail and mounted his iron-grey steed.”
#3
یکی تیغ هندی به چنگ اندرش
✦
یکی مغفر خسروی بر سرش
“Grasping an Indian sword in his hand, he placed a royal helmet upon his head.”
#4
کمندی به فتراک بر شست خم
✦
خم اندر خم و روی کرده دژم
“With a sixty-coiled lasso bound to his saddle-bow, his countenance grew grim and stern.”
#5
بیامد یکی برز بالا گزید
✦
به جایی که ایرانیان را بدید
“He rode to a vantage height from where he could overlook the whole Iranian host.”
#6
بفرمود تا رفت پیشش هجیر
✦
بدو گفت کژی نیاید ز تیر
“He commanded Hajir to be brought before him and said: 'No crookedness should come from an arrow.'”
#7
نشانه نباید که خم آورد
✦
چو پیچان شود زخم کم آورد
“'The target must not be met with a bent bow; when the arrow twists, its impact falters.'”
#8
به هر کار در پیشه کن راستی
✦
چو خواهی که نگزایدت کاستی
“'Make truthfulness your practice in every deed, if you wish that loss should not harm you.'”
#9
سخن هرچه پرسم همه راست گوی
✦
متاب از ره راستی هیچ روی
“'Whatever I ask of you, speak only the truth; do not turn your face from the path of righteousness.'”
#10
چو خواهی که یابی رهایی ز من
✦
سرافراز باشی به هر انجمن
“'If you desire to gain deliverance from me and stand honored in every assembly,'”
#11
از ایران هر آنچت بپرسم بگوی
✦
متاب از ره راستی هیچ روی
“'Tell me all that I ask concerning Iran, and do not stray from the path of truth.'”
#12
سپارم به تو گنج آراسته
✦
بیابی بسی خلعت و خواسته
“'I shall bestow upon you an adorned treasure, and you shall receive many gifts and riches.'”
#13
ور ایدون که کژی بود رای تو
✦
همان بند و زندان بود جای تو
“'But if your intention turns to falsehood, then bonds and prison shall be your abode.'”
#14
هجیرش چنین داد پاسخ که شاه
✦
سخن هرچه پرسد ز ایران سپاه
“Hajir answered him thus: 'O King, whatever you ask regarding the army of Iran,'”
#15
بگویم همه آنچ دانم بدوی
✦
به کژی چرا بایدم گفت‌وگوی
“'I will speak all that I know; why indeed should I speak with deceit?'”
#16
بدو گفت کز تو بپرسم همه
✦
ز گردنکشان و ز شاه و رمه
“Sohrab said: 'I shall ask you of all—the noble magnates, the King, and the host.'”
#17
همه نامداران آن مرز را
✦
چو طوس و چو کاووس و گودرز را
“'Of all the renowned ones of that borderland, such as Tus, Kavus, and Goudarz,'”
#18
ز بهرام و از رستم نامدار
✦
ز هر کت بپرسم به من برشمار
“'And of Bahram and famed Rostam—recount to me of everyone I query.'”
#19
بگو کان سراپردهٔ هفت رنگ
✦
بدو اندرون خیمه‌های پلنگ
“'Tell me whose is that seven-colored pavilion, within which stand tents of leopard skin?'”
#20
به پیش اندرون بسته صد ژنده‌پیل
✦
یکی مهد پیروزه برسان نیل
“'Before which a hundred huge war-elephants are bound, and a turquoise litter sits blue as the Nile?'”
#21
یکی برز خورشید پیکر درفش
✦
سرش ماه زرین غلافش بنفش
“'With a high sun-emblazoned banner, its head a golden moon and its sheath purple?'”
#22
به قلب سپاه اندرون جای کیست
✦
ز گردان ایران ورا نام چیست
“'Whose place is that in the center of the army, and what is his name among the heroes of Iran?'”
#23
بدو گفت کان شاه ایران بود
✦
بدرگاه او پیل و شیران بود
“Hajir replied: 'That is the King of Iran, at whose gate stand elephants and lions.'”
#24
وزان پس بدو گفت بر میمنه
✦
سواران بسیار و پیل و بنه
“Thereupon Sohrab asked: 'And on the right wing, with innumerable horsemen, elephants, and baggage,'”
#25
سراپرده‌ای بر کشیده سیاه
✦
زده گردش اندر ز هر سو سپاه
“'Whose is that black pavilion pitched high, encircled on every side by an army?'”
#26
به گرد اندرش خیمه ز اندازه بیش
✦
پس پشت پیلان و بالاش پیش
“'Around which are tents beyond measure, set behind elephants with its front exalted?'”
#27
زده پیش او پیل پیکر درفش
✦
به در بر سواران زرینه کفش
“'Before which stands an elephant-emblazoned banner, with gold-shod riders at its gate?'”
#28
چنین گفت کان طوس نوذر بود
✦
درفشش کجاپیل‌پیکر بود
“Hajir said: 'That is Tus, son of Nowzar, whose standard bears the elephant image.'”
#29
دگر گفت کان سرخ پرده‌سرای
✦
سواران بسی گردش اندر به پای
“Sohrab asked again: 'And that red pavilion-enclosure, with many horsemen standing around it,'”
#30
یکی شیر پیکر درفشی به زر
✦
درفشان یکی در میانش گهر
“'Having a golden lion-emblazoned banner, glittering with a jewel at its center?'”
#31
چنین گفت کان فر آزادگان
✦
جهانگیر گودرز کشوادگان
“Hajir replied: 'That is the glory of the noble-born, the world-conquering Goudarz, son of Kashvad.'”
#32
بپرسید کان سبز پرده‌سرای
✦
یکی لشکری گشن پیشش به پای
“Sohrab asked: 'And that green-hued pavilion, before which stands a mighty host,'”
#33
یکی تخت پرمایه اندر میان
✦
زده پیش او اختر کاویان
“'With a glorious throne in its midst, and before it pitched the Kiani banner,'”
#34
برو بر نشسته یکی پهلوان
✦
ابا فر و با سفت و یال گوان
“'Upon which sits a champion endued with divine grace, of broad chest and heroes' shoulders,'”
#35
ز هر کس که بر پای پیشش براست
✦
نشسته به یک رش سرش برتر است
“'Who, compared to all standing before him, rises a cubit taller in height,'”
#36
یکی باره پیشش به بالای اوی
✦
کمندی فرو هشته تا پای اوی
“'Before whom stands a charger matching his grand stature, with a lasso dangling down to its feet,'”
#37
برو هر زمان برخروشد همی
✦
تو گویی که در زین بجوشد همی
“'Which neighboringly roars at every moment, as though boiling upon the saddle in fervor?'”
#38
بسی پیل برگستوان‌دار پیش
✦
همی جوشد آن مرد بر جای خویش
“'With many armored elephants before him, while that man seethes in his place,'”
#39
نه مردست از ایران به بالای اوی
✦
نه بینم همی اسپ همتای اوی
“'There is no man in Iran of his stature, nor do I see any steed the peer of his horse;'”
#40
درفشی بدید اژدها پیکرست
✦
بران نیزه بر شیر زرین سرست
“'And a dragon-emblazoned banner is seen, upon whose spear rests a golden lion head?'”
#41
چنین گفت کز چین یکی نامدار
✦
بنوی بیامد بر شهریار
“Hajir lied and said: 'He is a renowned warrior from China who newly came to the monarch.'”
#42
بپرسید نامش ز فرخ هجیر
✦
بدو گفت نامش ندارم بویر
“Sohrab asked his name of noble Hajir, who replied: 'I do not hold his name in memory.'”
#43
بدین دژ بدم من بدان روزگار
✦
کجا او بیامد بر شهریار
“'For I was inside the fortress in those days when he arrived before the King.'”
#44
غمی گشت سهراب را دل ازان
✦
که جایی ز رستم نیامد نشان
“Sohrab's heart grew heavy with grief, because no sign of Rostam appeared anywhere.”
#45
نشان داده بود از پدر مادرش
✦
همی دید و دیده نبد باورش
“His mother had given him signs of his father; he saw them with his eyes, yet his mind could not believe.”
#46
همی نام جست از زبان هجیر
✦
مگر کان سخنها شود دلپذیر
“He sought the name of Rostam from Hajir's tongue, hoping those words might bring solace to his heart.”
#47
نبشته به سر بر دگرگونه بود
✦
ز فرمان نکاهد نخواهد فزود
“Yet what was written upon his destiny was otherwise; from fate's decree, nothing shall wane nor grow.”
#48
ازان پس بپرسید زان مهتران
✦
کشیده سراپرده بد برکران
“Thereafter he inquired of those chieftains whose royal pavilions were pitched along the edges.”
#49
سواران بسیار و پیلان به پای
✦
برآید همی نالهٔ کرنای
“Numerous horsemen and war-elephants stood ready, while the sound of the brass trumpet resounded.”
#50
یکی گرگ پیکر درفش از برش
✦
برآورده از پرده زرین سرش
“Above it flew a banner bearing the image of a wolf, its golden head emerging from behind the screen.”
#51
بدو گفت کان پور گودرز گیو
✦
که خوانند گردان ورا گیو نیو
“Hajir replied to him: "That is Gev, son of Goudarz, whom the brave warriors call Gev the Bold.”
#52
ز گودرزیان مهتر و بهترست
✦
به ایرانیان بر دو بهره سرست
“Among the clan of Goudarz he is the greatest and finest, and among the Iranians he stands supreme above most."”
#53
بدو گفت زان سوی تابنده شید
✦
برآید یکی پرده بینم سپید
“Sohrab said to him: "Yonder, towards the shining sun, I see a white pavilion raised.”
#54
ز دیبای رومی به پیشش سوار
✦
رده برکشیده فزون از هزار
“Made of Roman brocade, in front of which more than a thousand horsemen stand drawn up in rank.”
#55
پیاده سپردار و نیزه‌وران
✦
شده انجمن لشکری بی‌کران
“Shield-bearing footmen and spearmen have gathered there, an endless host assembled.”
#56
نشسته سپهدار بر تخت عاج
✦
نهاده بران عاج کرسی ساج
“The commander sits upon an ivory throne, with a seat of teakwood placed atop that ivory.”
#57
ز هودج فرو هشته دیبا جلیل
✦
غلام ایستاده رده خیل خیل
“Rich brocade hangs down from his litter, and pages stand ready in row upon row.”
#58
بر خیمه نزدیک پرده‌سرای
✦
به دهلیز چندی پیاده به پای
“Near the tent and by the outer pavilion, several footmen stand watch at the vestibule."”
#59
بدو گفت کاو را فریبرز خوان
✦
که فرزند شاهست و تاج گوان
“Hajir said to him: "Know that he is Fariborz, the son of the Shah and the crown of heroes."”
#60
بپرسید کان سرخ پرده‌سرای
✦
به دهلیز چندی پیاده به پای
“He then asked: "Whose is that red pavilion, with several footmen stationed at its doorway?”
#61
به گرد اندرش سرخ و زرد و بنفش
✦
ز هرگونه‌ای برکشیده درفش
“Around which red, yellow, and violet banners of every kind are raised high?”
#62
درفشی پس پشت پیکرگراز
✦
سرش ماه زرین و بالا دراز
“Behind it stands a banner bearing the emblem of a wild boar, topped with a golden crescent moon, towering tall?"”
#63
چنین گفت کاو را گرازست نام
✦
که در جنگ شیران ندارد لگام
“Hajir said: "His name is Goraz, who in battle against lions holds back no restraint.”
#64
هشیوار و ز تخمهٔ گیوگان
✦
که بر درد و سختی نگردد ژگان
“Wise and of the lineage of Gev's house, he does not flinch or weep in times of pain and hardship."”
#65
نشان پدر جست و با او نگفت
✦
همی داشت آن راستی در نهفت
“Sohrab sought the mark of his father, but Hajir withheld it from him, keeping the truth hidden in secrecy.”
#66
تو گیتی چه سازی که خود ساخت‌ست
✦
جهاندار ازین کار پرداخت‌ست
“Why do you try to shape the world when it is already wrought? The Lord of the World has completed this design.”
#67
زمانه نبشته دگرگونه داشت
✦
چنان کاو گذارد بباید گذاشت
“Destiny had decreed otherwise; as Fate ordains it, so must it come to pass.”
#68
دگر باره پرسید ازان سرفراز
✦
ازان کش به دیدار او بد نیاز
“Once more Sohrab asked about that exalted champion, the one whose sight he so deeply craved.”
#69
ازان پردهٔ سبز و مرد بلند
✦
وزان اسپ و آن تاب داده کمند
“He asked of that green pavilion, that towering hero, that famous steed, and that coiled lasso.”
#70
ازان پس هجیر سپهبدش گفت
✦
که از تو سخن را چه باید نهفت
“Then Hajir said to the commander: "Why should I conceal the truth from you?”
#71
گر از نام چینی بمانم همی
✦
ازان است کاو را ندانم همی
“If I hesitate to name the hero of China's camp, it is only because I do not know him."”
#72
بدو گفت سهراب کاین نیست داد
✦
ز رستم نکردی سخن هیچ یاد
“Sohrab said to him: "This is not just! You have made no mention at all of Rostam.”
#73
کسی کاو بود پهلوان جهان
✦
میان سپه در نماند نهان
“One who is the paladin of the world cannot remain hidden in the midst of the army!”
#74
تو گفتی که بر لشکر او مهترست
✦
نگهبان هر مرز و هر کشورست
“You said yourself that he is the head over the host, the guardian of every march and realm."”
#75
چنین داد پاسخ مر او را هجیر
✦
که شاید بدن کان گو شیرگیر
“Hajir answered him thus: "It may well be that this lion-capturing hero...”
#76
کنون رفته باشد به زابلستان
✦
که هنگام بزمست در گلستان
“...has now departed for Zabolestan, for it is the season of feasting in the rose garden."”
#77
بدو گفت سهراب کاین خود مگوی
✦
که دارد سپهبد سوی جنگ روی
“Sohrab replied: "Do not say such a thing, for the commander is marching toward war!”
#78
به رامش نشیند جهان پهلوان
✦
برو بر بخندند پیر و جوان
“Should the world's paladin sit at ease in revelry, both young and old would laugh him to scorn!”
#79
مرا با تو امروز پیمان یکیست
✦
بگوییم و گفتار ما اندکیست
“Today I have a single pact with you; let us speak, for our words are few.”
#80
اگر پهلوان را نمایی به من
✦
سرافراز باشی به هر انجمن
“If you point out the paladin to me, you shall be honored and exalted in every assembly."”
#81
ترا بی‌نیازی دهم در جهان
✦
گشاده کنم گنجهای نهان
“I shall grant thee wealth beyond need in this world, and open up hidden treasures for thee.”
#82
ور ایدون که این راز داری ز من
✦
گشاده بپوشی به من بر سخن
“But if thou shouldst conceal this secret from me, and cover the truth with twisted words...”
#83
سرت را نخواهد همی تن به جای
✦
نگر تا کدامین به آیدت رای
“Thy body shall no longer bear thy head upon it; consider well which path thy wisdom deems best!”
#84
نبینی که موبد به خسرو چه گفت
✦
بدانگه که بگشاد راز از نهفت
“Hast thou not heard what the wise Mobad said unto the King, when he revealed the secret from its hiding place?”
#85
سخن گفت ناگفته چون گوهرست
✦
کجا نابسوده به سنگ اندرست
“An unspoken word is like a precious gem, lying untouched inside the stone.”
#86
چو از بند و پیوند یابد رها
✦
درخشنده مهری بود بی‌بها
“Yet once it breaks free from its bonds, it shines forth like an invaluable sun.”
#87
چنین داد پاسخ هجیرش که شاه
✦
چو سیر آید از مهر وز تاج و گاه
“Hajir replied to him: 'When a king grows weary of love, crown, and throne...'”
#88
نبرد کسی جویداندر جهان
✦
که او ژنده پیل اندر آرد ز جان
“...He seeks battle with one who can rip the life from a mighty elephant!'”
#89
کسی را که رستم بود هم نبرد
✦
سرش ز آسمان اندر آید به گرد
“Whosoever faces Rostam in combat, his head shall be dragged from the heavens down to the dust.”
#90
تنش زور دارد به صد زورمند
✦
سرش برترست از درخت بلند
“His body possesses the strength of a hundred mighty men; his head towers higher than a lofty tree.”
#91
چنو خشم گیرد به روز نبرد
✦
چه هم رزم او ژنده پیل و چه مرد
“When he flares with rage on the day of battle, a colossal elephant and a mortal warrior are one and the same to him.”
#92
هم‌آورد او بر زمین پیل نیست
✦
چو گرد پی رخش او نیل نیست
“No elephant on earth can rival him; even the River Nile cannot match the dust raised by Rakhsh's hooves.”
#93
بدو گفت سهراب از آزادگان
✦
سیه بخت گودرز کشوادگان
“Sohrab said to him: 'Among noble men, Goudarz, son of Kashvad, is truly ill-fated...'”
#94
چرا چون ترا خواند باید پسر
✦
بدین زور و این دانش و این هنر
“'...For why should he call someone like thee his son, possessing such strength, such knowledge, and such skill?'”
#95
تو مردان جنگی کجا دیده‌ای
✦
که بانگ پی اسپ نشنیده‌ای
“'Where hast thou ever seen true warriors of battle, when thou hast not even heard the thundering hooves of horses?'”
#96
که چندین ز رستم سخن بایدت
✦
زبان بر ستودنش بگشایدت
“'That thou must speak so much of Rostam, and open thy tongue solely to sing his praises?'”
#97
از آتش ترا بیم چندان بود
✦
که دریا به آرام خندان بود
“'Thy fear of fire lasts only so long as the tranquil sea smiles in peace.'”
#98
چو دریای سبز اندر آید ز جای
✦
ندارد دم آتش تیزپای
“'Yet when the surging green ocean swells with rage, the swift flame of fire cannot withstand its breath!'”
#99
سر تیرگی اندر آید به خواب
✦
چو تیغ از میان برکشد آفتاب
“'The head of darkness drops in sleep the moment the sun draws its shining sword.'”
#100
به دل گفت پس کاردیده هجیر
✦
که گر من نشان گو شیرگیر
“The experienced Hajir then said to his heart: 'If I give away the mark of that lion-capturing hero...'”
#101
بگویم بدین ترک با زور دست
✦
چنین یال و این خسروانی نشست
“'...If I reveal it to this strong-armed Turk, with such a massive neck and kingly posture...'”
#102
ز لشکر کند جنگ او ز انجمن
✦
برانگیزد این بارهٔ پیلتن
“'...He will charge out from the host onto the battlefield, spurring his elephant-bodied steed against him...'”
#103
برین زور و این کتف و این یال اوی
✦
شود کشته رستم به چنگال اوی
“'...And with such immense strength, shoulders, and stature, Rostam may be slain within his clutches!'”
#104
از ایران نیاید کسی کینه خواه
✦
بگیرد سر تخت کاووس شاه
“'Then no avenger shall rise from Iran, and he will seize King Kay Kavus's throne!'”
#105
چنین گفت موبد که مردن به نام
✦
به از زنده دشمن بدو شادکام
“'As the sage priest said: To die with a glorious name is far better than to live with an enemy rejoicing over thee.'”
#106
اگر من شوم کشته بر دست اوی
✦
نگردد سیه روز خون آب جوی
“'If I am slain at his hands, it will not darken the day, nor turn the river's water into blood.'”
#107
چو گودرز و هفتاد پور گزین
✦
همه پهلوانان با آفرین
“'While Goudarz and his seventy noble sons remain, all praised and glorious heroes...'”
#108
نباشد به ایران تن من مباد
✦
چنین دارم از موبد پاک یاد
“'If I am no longer in Iran, let it be! Thus do I remember the pure priest's wisdom:'”
#109
که چون برکشد از چمن بیخ سرو
✦
سزد گر گیا را نبوید تذرو
“'When the cypress tree is uprooted from the lawn, it is fitting if the pheasant no longer scents the grass.'”
#110
به سهراب گفت این چه آشفتنست
✦
همه با من از رستمت گفتنست
“He then said to Sohrab: 'What is this agitation? Why speakest thou to me constantly of Rostam?'”
#111
نباید ترا جست با او نبرد
✦
برآرد به آوردگاه از تو گرد
“'Thou shouldst not seek battle with him, for he will raise dust from thee on the battlefield!'”
#112
همی پیلتن را نخواهی شکست
✦
همانا که آسان نیاید به دست
“'Thou shalt never defeat that elephant-bodied champion; truly, he is not to be conquered easily!'”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
Suggested inquiries: