🦅 IRANLORE | ایران‌نامه
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Historical Era (Parthian & Sasanian)

Yazdgerd3

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Rostam Farrokhzad's Letter to His Brother: Astrology of Defeat at Qadisiyyah and Prophecy of Sasanian Fall
When Omar Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas marched with an immense Arab host to wage war against the King of Kings, Yazdegerd III gathered warriors from every corner of the realm. The King commanded Rostam Farrokhzad—son of Hormozd, a renowned champion, master astrologer, and trusted advisor to the High Priests—to lead the grand army of Iran toward the plains of Qadisiyyah.

For thirty long days, a ferocious battle raged at Qadisiyyah. Neither army yielded ground, and the field was strewn with the fallen of both sides. In a moment of respite, Rostam set up his astrolabe and cast his gaze toward the heavens. As he calculated the alignment of the stars—beholding the Sun in the fourth house, the ill-omened conjunction of Saturn and Mercury, and the positions of Mars and Venus—his heart sank. The celestial spheres proclaimed that the Royal Glory of the Sasanians was departing and that fortune had turned its face away from Iran.

Filled with grief, the general wrote a poignant letter to his brother. Beginning with praise for the Almighty, he lamented the treacherous turning of the sky and how he was trapped in a destiny orchestrated by dark fates. Rostam prophesied that this battle would mark the rise of the Arab conquerors and that for four hundred years, the noble lineage of Iran would be cast into oblivion. Though Arab emissaries had brought offers of peace, land partition, and tribute, Rostam knew these were but illusions; the fierce Iranian chieftains—such as Miroi of Tabaristan, Golboy-e Suri, and the Armenian warlords—refused submission, trusting only in their maces and blades.

Rostam instructed his brother to gather all family wealth, treasures, servants, and warhorses, and move them swiftly to the safety of Azarbaijan and the royal treasury of the Adur Gushnasp temple. He urged him to comfort their mother and dedicate his life entirely to safeguarding King Yazdegerd, the last precious heir of the Sasanian dynasty. In a chilling prophecy of the centuries to come, Rostam foresaw a world where honor, noble lineage, and justice would fade, replaced by greed, deceit, and social upheaval. Concluding his letter, Rostam accepted his fate, declaring that Qadisiyyah would be his grave, his armor his shroud, and his own blood his crown.
#1
عمر سعد وقاس را با سپاه
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فرستاد تا جنگ جوید ز شاه
“He dispatched Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas with an army to seek war against the King.”
#2
چو آگاه شد زان سخن یزدگرد
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ز هر سو سپاه اندر آورد گرد
“When Yazdegerd became aware of this news, he gathered armies from every direction.”
#3
بفرمود تا پور هرمزد، راه
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بپیماید و برکشد با سپاه
“He commanded the son of Hormozd to take to the road and march forth with the army.”
#4
که رستم بُدش نام و بیدار بود
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خردمند و گُرد و جهاندار بود
“His name was Rostam, vigilant, wise, heroic, and a ruler of world-craft.”
#5
ستاره‌شمُر بود و بسیارهوش
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به گفتارش موبد نهاده دو گوش
“He was an astrologer, exceedingly intelligent; to his words the Mobad turned two listening ears.”
#6
برَفت و گرانمایگان را ببرد
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هر آنکس که بودند بیدار و گرد
“He set out, taking nobles with him—whoever was vigilant and heroic.”
#7
برین گونه تا ماه بگذشت سی
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همی رزم جستند در قادسی
“In this manner, until thirty days passed by, they sought battle at Qadisiyyah.”
#8
بسی کشته شد لشکر از هر دو سوی
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سپه یک ز دیگر نه برگاشت روی
“Many were slain from both armies, yet neither side turned its face away from the other.”
#9
بدانست رستم شمار سپهر
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ستاره‌شمُر بود و با داد و مهر
“Rostam discerned the reckonings of the heavens; he was a star-gazer filled with justice and love.”
#10
همی‌گفت کاین رزم را روی نیست
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رهِ آبِ شاهان بدین جوی نیست
“He kept saying: 'This war has no hopeful prospect; the path of the Kings' water is not in this stream.'”
#11
بیاورد صلّاب و اختر گرفت
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ز روز بلا دست بر سر گرفت
“He brought out his astrolabe, consulted the stars, and placed his hands upon his head in grief over the day of calamity.”
#12
یکی نامه سوی برادر به درد
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نوشت و سخن‌ها همه یاد کرد
“He wrote a painful letter to his brother and recorded all these matters in speech.”
#13
نخست آفرین کرد بر کردگار
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کزو دید نیک و بد روزگار
“First, he praised the Creator, from Whom he had seen both the good and evil of time.”
#14
دگر گفت کز گردش آسمان
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پژوهنده‌مَردم شود بدگمان
“Next he said: 'From the turning of the sky, the inquiring person grows suspicious and troubled in thought.'”
#15
گنه‌کارتر در زمانه منم
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ازیرا گرفتار آهرمنم
“'I am the most sinful in this era, for I am caught in the grip of demonic fate.'”
#16
که این خانه از پادشاهی تهیست
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نه هنگام پیروزی و فرهیست
“'For this house is now empty of sovereignty; this is not the time of victory and divine glory.'”
#17
ز چارم همی‌بنگرد آفتاب
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کزین جنگ ما را بد آید شتاب
“'The Sun gazes from the fourth house, showing that haste in this war brings us evil.'”
#18
ز بهرام و زُهره‌ست ما را گزند
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نشاید گذشتن ز چرخ بلند
“'Our harm comes from Mars and Venus; one cannot escape or surpass the high heavens.'”
#19
همان تیر و کیوان برابر شدست
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عطارد به برج دو پیکر شدست
“'Mercury and Saturn have aligned, and Mercury has entered the constellation of Gemini.'”
#20
چنین است و کاری بزرگست پیش
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همی سیر گردد دل از جان خویش
“'Such is the cosmic state, and a monumental event lies ahead; the heart grows weary of its own life.'”
#21
همه بودنی‌ها ببینم همی
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وزان خامشی برگزینم همی
“'I see all that is destined to happen, and yet I choose silence.'”
#22
بر ایرانیان زار و گریان شدم
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ز ساسانیان نیز بریان شدم
“'I weep bitterly over the Iranians, and my heart burns to ashes for the Sasanians.'”
#23
دریغ این سر و تاج و این داد و تخت
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دریغ این بزرگی و این فرّ و بخت
“'Alas for this crown and head, this justice and throne! Alas for this greatness, this glory, and fortune!'”
#24
کزین پس شکست آید از تازیان
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ستاره نگردد مگر بر زیان
“'For after this, defeat shall come from the Arabs; the stars turn only to our detriment.'”
#25
برین سالیان چارصد بگذرد
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کزین تخمه گیتی کسی نشمرد
“'Four hundred years shall pass like this, wherein no one in the world shall count anyone from this seed.'”
#26
ازیشان فرستاده آمد به من
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سخن رفت هرگونه بر انجمن
“'Envoys came from them to me, and various words were spoken in assembly.'”
#27
که از قادسی تا لب رودبار
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زمین را ببخشیم با شهریار
“'They said: From Qadisiyyah to the riverbanks, let us divide the land with the King.'”
#28
وزان سو یکی برگشاییم راه
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به شهری کجا هست بازارگاه
“'And from that side, let us open a path toward a city where there is a marketplace.'”
#29
بدان تا خریم و فروشیم چیز
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ازین پس فزونی نجوییم نیز
“'So that we may buy and sell goods, and henceforth seek no further increase.'”
#30
پذیریم ما ساو و باژ گران
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نجوییم دیهیمِ کُنداوران
“'We will accept heavy tribute and taxes, and will not seek the crown of heroes.'”
#31
شهنشاه را نیز فرمان بریم
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گر از ما بخواهد گروگان بریم
“'We will obey the King of Kings, and if he requires hostages from us, we will provide them.'”
#32
چنین است گفتار و کردار نیست
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جز از گردش کژِّ پرگار نیست
“'Such is their talk, yet it is not their true intent; it is nothing but the crooked turning of the compass.'”
#33
برین نیز جنگی بوَد هر زمان
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که کشته شود صد هژبر دمان
“'Over this too, constant battles will rage, wherein a hundred roaring lions shall be slain.'”
#34
بزرگان که با من به جنگ اندرند
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به گفتار ایشان همی‌ننگرند
“'The magnates who are in war with me pay no heed to their words.'”
#35
چو میروی طَبری و چون ارمنی
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به جنگ‌اند با کیش آهرمنی
“'Such as Miroi of Tabaristan and the Armenian commander, who battle against their demonic faith.'”
#36
چو گُلبوی سوری و این مهتران
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که کوپال دارند و گرز گران
“'Such as Golboy-e Suri and these chieftains who wield heavy maces and axes.'”
#37
همی سرفرازند که ایشان کیَند
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به ایران و مازنداران بر چیَند
“'They hold their heads high, saying who are these enemies to contest Iran and Mazandaran?'”
#38
اگر مرز و راهست اگر نیک و بد
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به گرز و به شمشیر باید ستد
“'Whether border or highway, whether good or evil, it must be claimed with mace and sword.'”
#39
بکوشیم و مردی به کار آوریم
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بریشان جهان تنگ و تار آوریم
“'We will strive and employ manhood, making the world narrow and dark upon them.'”
#40
نداند کسی راز گردان‌سپهر
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دگرگونه‌تر گشت بر ما به مهر
“'No one knows the secret of the turning sky; its love toward us has altered.'”
#41
چو نامه بخوانی خرد را مران
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بپرداز و برساز با مهتران
“'When you read this letter, do not cast away wisdom; prepare and adjust alongside the nobles.'”
#42
همه گِرد کن خواسته هرچ هست
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پرستنده و جامهٔ برنشست
“'Gather all treasures, whatever there is, attendants, and riding garments.'”
#43
همی تاز تا آذرآبادگان
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به جای بزرگان و آزادگان
“'Hasten toward Azarbaijan, the realm of nobles and freeborn men.'”
#44
همیدون گله هرچ داری ز اسپ
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ببر سوی گنجور آذرگشسپ
“'Likewise, whatever herds of horses you possess, take to the treasurer of Azar Gushnasp.'”
#45
ز زابلستان گر ز ایران سپاه
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هرآنکس که آیند زنهارخواه
“'Whether from Zabulistan or the army of Iran, whoever comes seeking refuge...'”
#46
بدار و بپوش و بیارای مهر
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نگه کن بدین گردگردان سپهر
“Maintain love, conceal faults, and adorn yourself with affection; gaze upon this revolving sphere of heaven.”
#47
ازو شادمانی و زو در نهیب
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زمانی فرازست و روزی نشیب
“From it comes joy and from it comes fear; at times one rises to the heights, and another day one falls low.”
#48
سخن هرچ گفتم به مادر بگوی
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نبیند همانا مرا نیز روی
“Relate to our mother everything I have spoken; surely she shall never behold my face again.”
#49
درودش ده از ما و بسیار پند
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بدان تا نباشد به گیتی نژند
“Send her my greetings along with much counsel, so that she may not remain sorrowful in this world.”
#50
گر از من بَدآگاهی آرَد کسی
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مباش اندرین کار غمگین بسی
“Should anyone bring evil tidings of my fate, do not grieve too deeply over this matter.”
#51
چنان دان که اندر سرای سپنج
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کسی کو نهد گنج با دست رنج
“Know that in this transient abode, whoever amasses treasure with painful toil,”
#52
چو گاه آیدش زین جهان بگذرد
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از آن رنج او دیگری برخورد
“When his time arrives, he passes from this world, and another shall enjoy the fruit of his labor.”
#53
همیشه به یزدان‌پرستان گرای
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بپرداز دل زین سپنجی‌سرای
“Ever incline toward worshippers of God, and detach your heart from this fleeting world.”
#54
که آمد به تنگ اندرون روزگار
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نبیند مرا زین سپس شهریار
“For time has drawn tight and dire for us; the Shah shall not behold me after this.”
#55
تو با هر که از دودهٔ ما بوَد
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اگر پیر اگر مرد برنا بوَد
“You, together with whoever remains of our lineage, whether old or a young man,”
#56
همه پیش یزدان نیایش کنید
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شب تیره او را ستایش کنید
“All of you shall pray before God and praise Him through the dark night.”
#57
بکوشید و بخشنده باشید نیز
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ز خوردن به فردا ممانید چیز
“Strive and be generous as well; leave nothing of food for tomorrow's sake.”
#58
که من با سپاهی به سختی درم
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به رنج و غم و شوربختی درم
“For I am entangled in hardship with an army, trapped in toil, sorrow, and ill fortune.”
#59
رهایی نیابم سرانجام ازین
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خوشا باد نوشین ایران‌زمین
“In the end I shall find no escape from this; how sweet is the pleasant breeze of the land of Iran!”
#60
چو گیتی شود تنگ بر شهریار
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تو گنج و تن و جان گرامی مدار
“When the world narrows upon the King, hold neither treasure, nor body, nor your sweet life dear.”
#61
کزین تخمهٔ نامدار ارجمند
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نماندست جز شهریار بلند
“For of this renowned and illustrious seed, none remains save this exalted Sovereign.”
#62
ز کوشش مکن هیچ سستی به کار
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به گیتی جزو نیستمان یادگار
“Show no slackness in effort for his sake, for in all the world we have no legacy left but him.”
#63
ز ساسانیان یادگار اوست بس
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کزین پس نبینند زین تخمه کس
“He alone is the sole remaining legacy of the Sasanians; after this, none shall ever see anyone of this lineage.”
#64
دریغ این سر و تاج و این مهر و داد
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که خواهدشد این تخت شاهی به باد
“Alas for this head, crown, affection, and justice, for this royal throne shall be blown away to the wind!”
#65
تو پدرود باش و بی‌آزار باش
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ز بهر تن شه به تیمار باش
“Fare thee well and remain unharmed; take care and guard the person of the King.”
#66
گر او را بد آید تو شو پیش اوی
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به شمشیر بسپار پرخاش‌جوی
“If evil threatens him, step forward in his defense, and surrender the aggressor to the blade of the sword.”
#67
چو با تخت منبر برابر کنند
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همه نام بوبکر و عمر کنند
“When they place the pulpit equal to the throne, all shall proclaim the names of Abu Bakr and Umar.”
#68
تبه گردد این رنج‌های دراز
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نشیبی درازست پیش فراز
“These long-borne trials shall go to ruin; a long decline lies ahead after our ascent.”
#69
نه تخت و نه دیهیم بینی نه شهر
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ز اختر همه تازیان راست بهر
“You shall see neither throne, nor diadem, nor city; by destiny's star, all share belongs to the Arabs.”
#70
چو روز اندر آید به روز دراز
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شود ناسزا شاه گردن‌فراز
“As long days turn into a new era, the unworthy shall become proud kings.”
#71
بپوشد ازیشان گروهی سیاه
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ز دیبا نهند از برِ سر کلاه
“A group among them shall clothe themselves in black, wearing silk caps upon their heads.”
#72
نه تخت و نه تاج و نه زرّینه‌کفش
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نه گوهر نه افسر نه بر سر درفش
“Gone will be throne and crown and golden shoes; no jewels, no royal headgear, no banner flying overhead.”
#73
به رنج یکی دیگری برخورَد
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به داد و به بخشش همی‌ننگرد
“One man shall profit from the toil of another, showing no regard for justice or generosity.”
#74
شب آید یکی چشمه رخشان کند
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نهفته کسی را خروشان کند
“Night arrives and someone kindles a shining spring; secretly, it brings another to weeping and lament.”
#75
ستانندهٔ روزشان دیگرست
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کمر بر میان و کله بر سرست
“The ruler who seizes their daytime is another—belted at the waist and capped on the head.”
#76
ز پیمان بگردند وز راستی
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گرامی شود کژّی و کاستی
“They shall turn away from covenants and truthfulness; crookedness and corruption shall become honored.”
#77
پیاده شود مردم جنگ‌جوی
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سوار آنک لاف آرَد و گفت‌وگوی
“The brave warrior shall be forced to walk on foot, while the horseman is he who merely boasts and talks.”
#78
کشاورز جنگی شود بی‌هنر
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نژاد و هنر کمتر آید ببر
“The farmer becomes a warrior devoid of skill; noble birth and virtue are held of little worth.”
#79
رباید همی این از آن آن ازین
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ز نفرین ندانند باز آفرین
“This one plunders that one, and that one robs this one; they know not the difference between a curse and a blessing.”
#80
نهان بدتر از آشکارا شود
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دل شاهشان سنگ خارا شود
“What is hidden shall become worse than what is revealed; the heart of their king shall turn to hard flint.”
#81
بداندیش گردد پدر بر پسر
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پسر بر پدر هم چنین چاره‌گر
“Father shall turn malevolent toward son, and son likewise shall plot deceit against father.”
#82
شود بندهٔ بی‌هنر شهریار
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نژاد و بزرگی نیاید به کار
“An unaccomplished slave shall become the king, and lineage and nobility will no longer be of any avail.”
#83
به گیتی کسی را نماند وفا
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روان و زبان‌ها شود پر جفا
“Loyalty shall vanish from the world, and souls and tongues shall be filled with cruelty and deceit.”
#84
از ایران و از ترک و از تازیان
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نژادی پدید آید اندر میان
“From Iran, the Turks, and the Arabs, a mixed breed shall emerge between them.”
#85
نه دهقان، نه ترک و نه تازی بود
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سخن‌ها به کردار بازی بود
“They shall be neither Iranian noble, nor Turk, nor Arab; words will become a mere game of deceit.”
#86
همه گنج‌ها زیر دامن نهند
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بمیرند و کوشش به دشمن دهند
“They shall hide all treasures under their robes; then die and leave the fruits of their toil to the enemy.”
#87
بود دانشومند و زاهد به نام
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بکوشد ازین تا که آید به کام
“One will be called wise and ascetic only in name, striving merely to satisfy his own worldly desires.”
#88
چنان فاش گردد غم و رنج و شور
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که شادی به هنگام بهرام گور
“Sorrow, suffering, and turmoil shall become as widespread as joy was in the days of Bahram Gur.”
#89
نه جشن و نه رامش نه کوشش نه کام
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همه چارهٔ ورزش و ساز دام
“Neither feasts nor merriment, nor effort nor fulfillment shall remain; all will be plotting, scheme, and laying traps.”
#90
پدر با پسر کینِ سیم آورد
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خورش کشک و پوشش گلیم آورد
“Father and son shall harbor enmity over silver; their food will be dry whey, and their garment coarse cloth.”
#91
زیان کسان از پی سود خویش
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بجویند و دین اندر آرند پیش
“They shall seek the ruin of others for their own gain, putting religion forward as a disguise.”
#92
نباشد بهار و زمستان پدید
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نیارند هنگام رامش نبید
“Spring and winter shall lose their distinct boundaries, and no wine shall be served in times of joy.”
#93
چو بسیار ازین داستان بگذرد
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کسی سوی آزادگی ننگرد
“When much time passes upon this tale, no one shall look toward nobility or freedom anymore.”
#94
بریزند خون از پی خواسته
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شود روزگار مهان کاسته
“Blood shall be spilled for the sake of wealth, and the fortune of the great and noble shall wane.”
#95
دل من پر از خون شد و رویْ زرد
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دهن خشک و لب‌ها شده لاژورد
“My heart has turned to blood, my face grown pale; my mouth is dry, and my lips have turned blue with grief.”
#96
که تا من شدم پهلوان از میان
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چنین تیره شد بخت ساسانیان
“Ever since I became the champion of the realm, the fortune of the House of Sasan has grown so dark.”
#97
چنین بی‌وفا گشت گردان‌سپهر
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دژم گشت وز ما ببرید مهر
“Thus treacherous has the revolving sphere become; it has turned dark and severed its love from us.”
#98
مرا تیز پیکان آهن‌گذار
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همی بر برهنه نیاید به کار
“My sharp, iron-piercing arrowhead fails to penetrate even an unarmored foe.”
#99
همان تیغ کز گردن پیل و شیر
✦
نگشتی به آورد زان زخم سیر
“The very sword that in battle was never satiated with striking the necks of elephants and lions,”
#100
نبُرَّد همی پوست بر تازیان
✦
ز دانش زیان آمدم بر زیان
“Now cuts not even the skin of the Arabs; from my knowledge, loss upon loss has come to me.”
#101
مرا کاشکی این خرد نیستی
✦
گر اندیشهٔ نیک و بد نیستی
“Would that I possessed not this wisdom, nor had any forethought of good and evil!”
#102
بزرگان که در قادسی بامنند
✦
درشتند و بر تازیان دشمنند
“The nobles who are with me at Qadisiyyah are stern and hostile toward the Arabs.”
#103
گمانند کاین بیش بیرون شود
✦
ز دشمن زمین رود جیحون شود
“They deem that this army will prevail, and that the earth shall become a river Jihun with enemy blood.”
#104
ز راز سپهری کس آگاه نیست
✦
ندانند کاین رنج کوتاه نیست
“None is aware of the secret of the heavens; they know not that this suffering will not end soon.”
#105
چو بر تخمه‌ای بگذرد روزگار
✦
چه سود آید از رنج وز کارزار
“When fate’s period has passed for a dynasty, what profit comes from struggle and battle?”
#106
تو را ای برادر تن آباد باد
✦
دل شاه ایران به تو شاد باد
“May your body remain sound, O brother, and may the heart of the King of Iran be gladdened by you!”
#107
که این قادسی گورگاه منست
✦
کفن جوشن و خون کلاه منست
“For this Qadisiyyah is my graveyard; armor shall be my shroud, and blood my crown.”
#108
چنین است راز سپهر بلند
✦
تو دل را به درد من اندر مبند
“Such is the secret of the high heavens; do not bind your heart in grief for my suffering.”
#109
دو دیده ز شاه جهان برمدار
✦
فدی کن تن خویش در کارزار
“Turn not your eyes away from the King of the World, and sacrifice your body in battle for him.”
#110
که زود آید این روز آهرمنی
✦
چو گردون گردان کند دشمنی
“For this demonic day will soon arrive when the revolving heavens act with enmity.”
#111
چو نامه به مُهر اندر آورد گفت
✦
که پوینده با آفرین باد جفت
“When he sealed the letter, he said: "May the messenger be paired with blessings!"”
#112
که این نامه نزد برادر بَرَد
✦
بگوید جزین هرچ اندرخورد
“That he may carry this letter to my brother, and speak whatever else is fitting beyond it.”

Distich Annotation & Lore

English Translation:

Modern Interpretation:

Literary & Narrative Dimensions:
Entities Identified:
The Guide
Companion of Epic Lore & Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Greetings, seeker of ancient lore! I am The Guide, your companion through the heroes, monarchs, mythical creatures, and timeless verses of the Shahnameh. Ask me anything about the epic tradition.
Suggested inquiries: